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Refinishing hardwood floors is hard work and costly. Some people opt to hire a professional, but most of the equipment is available at your local hardware store and rental center and the steps are staightforward. Refinishing floors requires many steps.
The first step is to move your furniture to another room or outside. Then remove the existing floor. Remove anything that isnt nailed down and sweep the floor thoroughly. Remove any leftover carpet staples with diagonal pliers. Use a hammer and nailset to sink any exposed nails that may damage the abrasives or sanding machines. Leave the baseboards unless you plan to replace them. If so, use a shim behind the pry bar to avoid damaging the walls. Next, to avoid spreading dust, hang plastic covering over the doorways and place towels under the doors and over the vents. Lastly, walk the whole floor checking for squeaks, cracks, and any other repairs that should be done before sanding.
Next, you will need the necessary equipment to refinish the floors. You will need a putty knife for filling gaps and cracks. There really isnt a definitive procedure for filling cracks. Its up to the individual to decide which cracks to fill, just make sure they are filled before beginning to sand.
After filling in the cracks its time to sand the floors. Sanding is a very dusty job, you will want to wear a dust mask. Also ask for instructions and a demonstration on how to operate the equipment. First use a drum sander fit with coarse paper. Start the sander off the floor and slowly lower it onto the floor. Simutaneously walk the sander forward going with the grain of the wood, unless the floor is badly warped. In that case, sand diagonally to the wood grain. Sand from wall to wall on about one-half of the room, making a forward and backward pass. Never let the sander sit in one spot, it will make a gouge or swirl mark in seconds. Wher the drum sander cant reach, such as wall edges and corners, use a edge sander. Slowly lower it to the floor and use a left to right semi-circular motion to feather out the sanding. After the rough sanding, change to a medium grit and sand the entire floor the same way. For the final sanding us a fine grit. Vacuum the entire room, including the walls and ceilings. Avoid using a damp rag because moisture will cause the exposed wood to rise.
When the room is clean its time to select a stain. Oil-based stains are the most popular. They are reliable and available in a variety of colors, and for the time being, the better choice of stains. Water-based stains are just in the beginning stages of development. Whichever type of stain is chosen always follow the directions, note the drying times and test the stain on a scrap piece of wood before applying it to the floor. Before applying the stain, make sure you are working in a ventilated area. Because many products produce harmful vapors. Staining an entire floor goes faster with two people, one applying the stain and the other wiping off the excess. Using a rag, apply the stain, cutting in from the corners and going with the grain of the wood. Wipe off any excess and change rags often. Let the stain dry overnight and avoid walking on the floor. After the stain has dried, select your finish. There are two basic types of finishes, polyurethane and water-based urethane. Polyurethane is the most commonly used, but cures out slowly. However, it usually only takes two to three coats to get a nice finish. Water-based urethane is less toxic, but thinner and it takes three or more coats. When you have selected a finish, apply with a foam applicator. Avoid drips and thick overlaps. Start at the farthest point from the doorway and apply an even coat. Work with the wood grain in five inch sections. Let dry for twenty-four hours. Use a damp cloth to wipe away any dust and apply the final coat just like the previous one. Stay off the finish and avoid stirring up any dust while the finish cures.
After you have finished and see the results, all the hard work was well worth it. Not only does it make the whole house look better, its also a great investment.
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