Fddd

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The Taco

Around my tenth birthday we moved into a the first house built in a new gated coummunity. Since we lived in the only completely built one, there we always construction workers around, as a result at lunch time a beat up 78' Chevy would come with a hot tacos and sandwiches. I always yearned bite into one of the juicy taco that the workers so liked so much; however my mother never let touch them as their sanitary standards were probably on par with my dog's. One day when by mom was off grocery shopping, I rebelliously bought a tasty taco. I tore through the foil and sunk my teeth into the tender beef; I immensely enjoyed every last bite the meal. Unfortunately, everything went down hill from there. Later that day I started to throw up ubiquitously, and my stomach hurt so bad that Ii could not go to sleep that night. I suffered dehydration from vomiting since I could not hold anything down. I seriously felt as if was about to die. My mom had to take me to the doctor, who said it was probably food poisoning, but to treat me he need to know what my last meal was; there for I had to tell my mom the truth about the taco. She was upset that I had not told her earlier, but she did not punish me, for my sickness was more effective than any punishment she could have devised. My sickness eventually passed after three of the worst days of my life. I could not go to school for three days, and the make-up work last me a week, a fact which resulted in my having to take three tests the day before the quarter ended along with a colossal amount of stress. The entire incident helped me understand an important life lesson, always listen to what my parents say.

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Compare and contrast topic

Compare and contrast topics tend to be directed so that you can expose possibly a few comparison or assessment using the trends or items. Hence, article is much more probably to be an instructional papers in which typically stresses the similarities associated with a few selected issue, although the comparison article is considered to be an article wherever the author mainly stresses the differences. It is helpful to understand that people usually resort to assessment and comparison pondering with the great deal associated with lifestyle situations. For example, people typically assess whilst purchasing a vehicle, selecting exactly just precisely what exactly university to attend, in the event that determining to soar or go by tour shuttle despite the fact that traveling, and so forth. Hence, writing compare and contrast topics may perhaps boost student's instructional success, along with their own public knowledge on the planet, and so forth. In order to write any resourceful crucial pondering article, you may need to consider a few crucial pondering examples or ask for the aid of experts. It's important for students to learn in which there exist several main methods for evaluate or comparison subject areas composition: obstruct agreement associated with ideas and point-by-point agreement. Hence, for example, although writing comparison through methods using the obstruct preparations, it is possible to talk about One concern inside of 1st sentence, concerning the some various different in the subsequent 1, and so forth. The order must be maintained. Nonetheless, in the point-by-point business using the ideas and thoughts, the author should produce almost everything mentioned inside a individual paragraph. Additionally it is recognized to turn into a traditional version associated with Compare and contrast topics structure. Regardless, regardless of what sort you select, it is crucial so that you can produce the matter and communicate this on the viewers for them to realize what the author wanted to point out particularly. In addition, the substantially approved instructional file formatting by having an launch, body grammatical construction, including any bottom line is without a doubt appliable to this sort of compare and contrast topics as well. In addition, the scholars ought to devote a lot time and energy to study, making notes, producing a plan using the potential paper, writing that, checking and modifying, and so forth. It is with which makes it, indeed. Nonetheless, there's various types of school documents which could help from the program associated with writing even essentially the most novice copy freelance internet freelancers, indeed. Simply by simply purchasing compare and contrast topics around, you are able to really sense sure that the piece of writing is absolutely unique and there is virtually not any cloned substance inside. Just about almost most compare and contrast topics that you ask for are created right from first and systematically investigated prior to your entire necessities. From the site you might be granted good quality functions that are performed with regard to suitable rates. No doubt how the companies given by one of the leading organizations on the instructional support marketplace is enjoyable and easy, indeed. The thing is simply so that you can publish the order and wait for a experts to make everything carried out. We're prepared to existing probably one of essentially by far the best analysis papers examples and take responsibility so that you can write the initial and professional papers aimed at satisfying probably one of essentially by far the best amazing, painstaking and sophisticated consumer.

IPT Databaseing Phase 1

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Needs Analysis

Pesto's pizza parlour is a relatively small and new business. They have a customer base of about 00 customers. Their current database system is old and out of date, and cannot cope with their expectations of expanding in the future. They have requested my assistance in designing a new system to correspond with their expectations of the business in the future. They want to expand the business so that they not only sell to people in the store but also provide the option of delivery if the customer wishes. In order for them to be able to deliver, I have decided that it will be easier for them to keep a database of their customers Names, Addresses and telephone numbers, than to write them down every time they receive an order. Not only are they looking at adding the delivery aspect to the business, but they are also thinking of expanding their menu to suit more customers and become more family friendly. All these aspects and all of the old options of the store will be easier to understand and follow if they are put into a database. The correct design of a quick and easy to use database will help the store in expanding and help them to run the business a lot easier.

See Appendix A for needs list of subsections.

Expected System benefits

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By installing a new system the store will be able to take orders from regular customers a lot faster as there will be no need for the shop assistant to take down the details of old customers time and time again. Instead all that will need to be done is for the shop assistant to request the customer's telephone number of where they would like to have their order delivered to. If they are a regular customer, all their details will already be registered on the database so there will be no need for the shop assistant to take down name and address. Hence the order will take half the time, freeing up the phone lines for more orders. However if they are a new customer the shop assistant will have to take all of their details. The benefit of this is that in the future that customer will be registered and his/her details will already be on the system. The second aspect is that if the shop wishes to expand in the delivery side of things, that means employing drivers and they will need to keep track of their drivers. Eg. How many delivery's they have done in the night, the amount of money that they should have on them from all the delivery's, where they have gone and how many delivery's they are doing. Along with all this information I would recommend that the company keep a database of all their employees who work for them, including their details of name, address, contact numbers, pay rate, age, tax file number, account numbers and position at the shop. Eg. Chef. An easy to use system will store all this data in one place and make acquiring it a lot easier for the managers of the store.

System Input and Output

The system will have an easy to use interface which will allow the user to initially enter the customer's phone number. If there is a match the system will be directed straight to the delivery or take away option. Once this has been chosen the menu will appear, the customer may select what he/she wants and the assistant will select it on screen. A total price will be calculated and the assistant can convey that to the customer. Once the order is complete an order slip will be printed, this can be handed to the Chef who will make the order, the next available driver will select the order number from a separate screen but linked system, and the that drivers details will be attached to that order.

Please note that this sample paper on IPT Databaseing Phase 1 is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on IPT Databaseing Phase 1, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on IPT Databaseing Phase 1 will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Blacks and the Media

If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Blacks and the Media. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Blacks and the Media paper right on time.

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Black news mediums are important not only to the Black community, but to all races and ethnicities. They are important because they allow a better understanding of a great culture that has not only existed since the beginning of time, but has also built the United States into what it is today. They also allow Blacks to address issues in the Black community, properly educate individuals on Black culture and history, and provide Blacks with something that they can relate to and call their own.

Throughout history news mediums have attempted to properly discuss and educate the world on Black culture and Black history, however, these mediums have failed miserably. Not only do most news mediums erroneously portray Blacks as being unintelligent, lazy, chicken-eaters, they also only scratch the surface of the rich culture that constitutes not only Black history, but American history.

Blacks should be recognized not only as the engineers and designers of the United States, through their blood, sweat and tears during slavery, but also the inventors of modern day society with the plethora of Black inventions. Had it not been for slavery and the inventions of Blacks, the United States, as we know it today, would not be the same, or even worse, not exist. What is even more astounding, is that most people do not know that Blacks have had any part in shaping the United States, nor can they imagine, or possibly live life, without Black inventions, such as the fire extinguisher by Tom J. Marshal, the improved refrigerator by John Standard, the heating furnace by Alice H. Parker, or the electric elevator by Alexander Miles.

News mediums such as Ebony Magazine, Jet Magazine, BET, The Chicago Defender, Blackplanet.com, Blackvoices.com and various other Black radio stations have aided in the strive for public knowledge of Black history and culture. They do this by not limiting Black history to the month of February, not limiting the people who contributed to Black history to just Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, and by involving Blacks who appeal to the younger generation such as music artists and athletes in conveying the message of Black culture.

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As a child growing up in the predominantly white public school system, I was exposed to many fallacies about Black history and culture. For years I thought that Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were the only ones who made a difference in Black history. If anyone were to ask me about either of the two I could recite one of their speeches, give a detailed description of their lives, and even provide photos and a page paper, but let them ask me who Alice Parker was or who invented the apparatus for transmissions of messages by electricity, and I would have no other choice but to give them a look of confusion. It was not until I was in my latter years in high school that I began researching other Blacks, and their accomplishments, and also realizing the true significance and importance of the Black experience. Apparently, other Blacks felt the same way, which is why there are so many news mediums today.

BET, or Black Entertainment Television, is a prime example of such a medium. Not only is it a station for Black people, but it is also a station owned and founded by Black people. It has shows that appeal to the younger generation, such as 106th and Park, Rap City and How I'm Living, as well as shows that appeal to the older generation, such as BET Nightly News, Soul Food, and BET Jazz, just to name a few. Incorporated within all of the shows and even during commercial breaks are messages concerning the AIDS epidemic, which is plaguing the Black community, the war on Iraq and updates on famous Blacks who are making a difference. Whatever your interests are, BET has a show about it.

Black news mediums are essential in accurately portraying the Black community as well as keeping, not only Blacks, but the whole world informed on issues in the community and around the world. Without these mediums Blacks would still be perceived in a negative light because their contributions and achievements would be overlooked or briefly discussed.

Please note that this sample paper on Blacks and the Media is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Blacks and the Media, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Blacks and the Media will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Issac Newton's Laws of motion

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Newtons first Law An object will remain at rest, or in motion, unless acted on by a force.

Newtons second Law Force = mass over acceleration

Newton's first and second law has an important connection to the egg mobile assessment task. Newton's first law tells us that an object will remain at rest or in motion unless acted on by a force. In the experiment, a box of some sort will be dropped metres in hight with a raw egg inside. There are limited resources that can be used ie

sum Paper

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sum Cardboard

sum Polystyrene

sum Plastic

sum Rubber

sum Matches

sum Wood

sum Drinking straws

sum String

sum Cotton

sum Rubber bands

sum Sticky tape

sum Glue

With these resources, I have to make a mobile vehicle that is safe for the egg to be dropped without breaking.

To use Newton's first law to protect my egg I will use elastic bands, wood, and a cardboard box to save my egg from breaking. The elastic bands will hold the egg in the middle of the cardboard box the egg not touching any walls. Cotton balls will be all around the egg to protect it when the box hits the ground with force. The egg should bounce a fraction but the cotton ball should soften the bounce and save the egg from breaking.

Newtons second law will help me because if the force equals mass over acceleration, I know that the lighter my experiment is, the slower it will fall.

Sir Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton was born on the 5th of January 164 in Woolsthorpe Lincolnshire,

England. His father was a farmer but died months before Isaac was born. His mother remarried a wealthy elderly clergyman from the next village when Isaac was three. She went and lived with the man in the other village leaving Isaac in his grandmother's hands. He was picked a scholar, guaranteeing him four years of financial support in 1664. The plague was spreading through Europe at that time and reached Cambridge in summer 1665. Newton returned home for two years where he concentrated on problems in physics and mathematics as the University closed.

In 1684, Newton's opponent Robert Hooke meet up with two members of the Royal society and as Hooke bragged about how he knew the laws controlling the motion of the heavenly bodies, one of the members was not satisfied with his explanation. Christopher Wren h offered a prize to anyone whom could solve the puzzle. Edmond Halley, the other member, was a friend of Newton's, who took the problem to him. Halley asked how the planets would move if there was a force of attraction between bodies that weakened as the square of the distance.. Halley was astonished when Newton answered straight away saying in ellipses. Halley asked in disbelief how he knew that. Newton answered simply l have calculated it. Newton then told Halley all of what he had learnt throughout the years where the plague has forced him to stay in the country. Halley then pursued Newton to write a book which he did. It was called Philosophiae Principia Mathematica.

In 166 Newton became a professor of mathematics. In early 167 Newton was elected to the Royal society. He published a book Principia Mathematica in 1687 that demonstrated his laws of motion and theories of gravitation.

Much happened for the next 40 years, some including being a Member of Parliament served of master of mint, publishing his theory of light, but on March 0th 177 Newton died at the age of 85.

Problems solutions

1 The first problem that occurred was that the egg broke! It broke because there wasn't enough support for the egg and either did any of the other things I planed for its safety. I then decided to make a new sort of vehicle.

My first vehicle that failed

It failed because when the vehicle

hit the ground, the egg wasn't

protected enough . Next time I

will protect it more

My second vehicle that failed

This failed because the egg

kept falling out of the elastic

bands. It did this because there

wasn't enough friction to hold

the egg still.

My third vehicle succeeded

This vehicle succeeded

because the egg couldn't move

and therefore was saved from

breaking. I put elastics around

the egg as well as to hold it up.

Another one of the problems I had with my vehicle was it broke. It was a shoebox (made out of cardboard).

The problem was that my elastics where too tight and caused the box to cave in.

Because my shoebox had completely broken I had to think of a new box I could use that would be stronger and dependable.

My solution was to use a flower box which was a lot thicker and stronger.

My other problem was that the egg would still move too much while being held by the elastics.

My solution was to place elastic around the egg so when it tried to move the elastic holding it in the box would stop it. This is because when the egg tried to mover the elastic bands rubbed up against the other bands creating friction, which held the egg in place.

Bibliography

Andrade, E. N., Isaac Newton (1)

Anthony, Herbert D., Sir Isaac Newton (18)

Bell, Arthur E., Newtonian Science (18)

Bechler, Z., Contemporary Newtonian Research (18)

Brewster, David, Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton (17)

Brougham, H., and Routh, E. J., Analytical View of Sir Isaac Newtons Principia (17)

Christianson, G. E., In the Presence of the Creator Isaac Newton and His Times (184)

http//www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~thhf/newton/

http//csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/newtonlaws.html

http//www.aloha.com/~isaac/laws/lmid.htm

http//www.physics.gmu.edu/classinfo/astr10/CourseNotes/mtn_newt.htm

http//www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Snewton.htm

http//www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Newton/RouseBall/RB_Newton.html

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Barbie

If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Barbie. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Barbie paper right on time.

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Barbie has shaped the lives of many girls, young and old, around the world. She is not only a role model but also a lifelong friend. She has been and will continue to be a great influence on the lives of young girls. "This teenage fashion doll transcended racial boundaries to become the world's most successful toy" (Varaste, 1, p. 8).

Barbie was invented in February of 15 by Ruth and Elliot Handler, founders of Mattel Toys. While watching her daughter, Barbara, play dolls with her friends, Ruth Handler discovered that young girls liked to play with adult dolls rather than baby dolls. She believed that creating a teenage doll that girls could play with and dream about the future with would be a great idea. She made her dream a reality and created Barbie. Barbie is named after Ruth's daughter, Barbara, who inspired Barbie's creation.

In 15, Barbie was unveiled at the American Toy Fair in New York City. Buyers were skeptical of the doll. "Never before had anyone seen a doll so small, yet so sophisticated. As a teenager, Barbie was completely unlike any of the baby or toddler dolls popular at the time" (The Barbie Story, 00, pp. 1, ).

The first Barbie wore her hair in a ponytail. She was dressed in a black and white zebra-striped bathing suit, open-toed shoes, sunglasses and earrings. "Her features were harsh, with inverted "V" shaped brows, pursed red lips, and the famous side glancing eyes that lacked color, defined by black lines and a stroke of blue eyeliner over the lids" (Varaste, 00, p. 1).

College papers on Barbie

Although many purchasers of toys were skeptical, Mattel stood behind its product. This proved to be a wise decision for the company. Barbie set a new sales record for Mattel its first year on the market. A total of 51,000 dolls were sold at three dollars each. Mattel was so swamped with orders that it took years to catch up with demand (Invention of the Barbie Doll, 00, p. 1).

In the early 160's Barbie began wearing designer clothing. "The large wardrobe of the Barbie doll is reminiscent of the extensive wardrobes of fashion dolls popular in Europe in the late 1th century" (United States, 00). Her image began to mirror that of Jackie Kennedy's. Barbie was always trying to portray a positive American image.

Barbie's wardrobe wasn't the only thing that began to change. Barbie's body style underwent changes. She was given a new face sculpture, new hair, and new makeup. Barbie was given a "Twist 'N Turn" waist. Her face became more youthful and she received rooted eyelashes (The Barbie Story, 00, p. ). Barbie's hair became long and straight and came in many different colors. It was fun for young girls to brush and play with.

After much begging and pleading from Barbie's loyal fans, Mattel created Barbie's boyfriend, Ken. He was named for the Handler's son.

Barbie also was given two more new friends. In 16, her best friend, Midge, whose face was fuller and freckled, was produced. Midge was less intimidating and sensual than Barbie. Then in 164, Barbie was given a little sister named Skipper. Skipper answered the request that Barbie have kids (Inventing Barbie, 00, p. ).

In the 170's Barbie became more bendable. She was given bendable wrists, elbows, and ankles. These transformations allowed Barbie to participate in many new activities such as ballet, gymnastics, and horseback riding.

Barbie underwent more changes in the late 170's. A major face sculpting change was introduced with Superstar Barbie. "This doll featured a wide open-mouthed smile along with bright painted eyes, and looked much friendlier than any of the previous dolls" (The Barbie Story, 00, p. 4). Barbie wore clothes that reflected the funky trends of the time.

In 176, Barbie was given a place in "America's Time Capsule" at the nation's bicentennial celebration.

Barbie began to attract adult woman in the 180's. Most of Barbie's original fans had now grown older, but instead of giving up their favorite childhood friend, women started to collect Barbie. "For many of these women, Barbie symbolized the innocence of their youth; she was a part of them that was timeless, agelessand they wanted to reconnect with their favorite fashion doll" (The Barbie Story, 00, p. 4). Mattel began producing more sophisticated dolls to satisfy the needs of collectors.

In the 10's many famous designers began creating Barbie's clothes. Included in this exclusive list were Bob Mackie, Nolan Miller, Vera Wang, and Christian Dior. The new designs created lots of excitement in the world of doll collecting. Barbie began to wear elegant gowns with sequins and beads. Her face changed once again and Barbie wore a full-lipped, closed smile.

In 17, Mattel created The Official Barbie Collector's Club. Mattel wanted to give the Barbie collectors more access to the world of Barbie.

Barbie's world continues to grow in the 1st century. She now has, not one, but three of her own websites. Barbie.com, the official Barbie website, allows girls to design their own dolls, play interactive games, make up stories, and engage in many other interactive activities. Barbie Collectibles has a website of its own. There is also a dedicated online store for the collector line of Barbie.

Barbie has survived because she is accessible. Children in the poorest countries can afford her. "Her world has transcended all socioeconomic boundaries" (Inventing Barbie, 00, p. 5).

Barbie has been a major influence on American culture. She has been an inspiration. Barbie has shaped the lives of many girls, young and old, around the world. Her charm, charisma, good looks, and grace have turned audiences into admirers (The Barbie Story, 00, p.1). WORKS CITED

Inventing Barbie. Retrieved October 8, 00 from http//www.people.virginia.edu/~tsawyer/ barbie/barb1.html.

The Barbie story. Retrieved October 1, 00 from http//www.barbiecollectibles.com/collecting /story.asp.

The invention of the Barbie doll. Retrieved October 1, 00 from http//www.indeafinder.com/ history/inventions/story081.htm.

United States (Culture). (00). In Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. http//www.encarta. msn.com

Varaste, C. (1). Face of the American dream Barbie doll 151-171. Grantsville, MD. Hobby House Press.

Varaste, C. (00). Classy lady The number three ponytail. Barbie Bazaar, 14, 1.

Please note that this sample paper on Barbie is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Barbie, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Barbie will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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"An eye for an eye makes the world go blind"

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"An eye for an eye makes the world go blind." Discuss in relevance to recent events.

Two guys were always engaged in bitter rivalry. The cause for this rivalry a girl. Both these guys fought against one another to get the eventually the luckier one won her heart. But the ill fortuned one didn't give up. He mind started working as crookedly as it could. He thought of a devious scheme to dispose of his foe. He had a grandly sinister plan. One day, he set out to accomplish his plan.

The next day morning, the entire media was buzzing. The news of a person being murdered was always a cause for publicity. The murdered, not surprisingly was the lucky man. Forensic examinations revealed that he had been poisoned. All evidence pointed towards the ill fortuned man. His motive was extremely conspicuous. He was trialed, found to be guilty, and was sentenced to capital punishment. The only one left in tears was the girl.

Such is the tragic end to any story beleaguered with revenge and malice. Nor do people learn from such stories. In this context also pertinent is the saying "An eye for an eye makes the world go blind." I pluck your one eye out and in retaliation you gouge one of mine out. I go for the second round of fire and pull out your last eye. You, overwhelmed with fury, and remove my last eye. The end result two blind people. I fear that that is only the surface meaning of a metaphorical quote which has so much to teach us.

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If one might remember, the infamous quote mentioned above was said by the venerable Mahatma Gandhi when he saw the atrocities committed during the partition in 147. India was divided into India and Pakistan based Muslims and Hindus (The people belonging to these religions can be seen as an allusion to the 'two eyes'). The Muslims would take part in incursions into Hindu territory and cause disruption and the Hindus would also do likewise. Riots were frequent and many families were left distraught. (The families insinuate blindness).

This question over the relevance of this quote can to be seen as one of optimum importance. Not that there is an escalated level of people quibbling over one another because of jealousy and malice. One can look at the quote at two levels. One is the personal level of which I have given an example earlier on. The second is at an international level. What appeals to me and is more pertinent in today's current affairs of the world is the latter.

"An eye for an eye makes the world go blind." In today's world nothing is stable. Erratic economy is but one thing. People's corrupt mind work in perverted ways to terrorize or to reach pinnacles of power. And then there are the other few who wish to eliminate such evil. Even the superpowers such as US and Britain fail to recognize the evocative nature of Mahatma Gandhi's quote. Not only them but also do the vast counties under dictatorship. Countries fight for material procession and also for land. Two classic examples that have arisen in the past and which still present a plethora of issues are worth noting.

One of them is undoubtedly the US War in Iraq. Mr. Bush had clearly stated that his intentions for waging a war in Iraq were to root out the Baath party and to bring an end to Saddam Hussein's regime. Also, he had a strong feeling that Iraq had alleged links with the Al Qaeda terrorist group. He had also received intelligence that Iraq was responsible for the production of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). He has also received British intelligence that Iraq solicited for significant amounts of Uranium from the countries in Africa to advance with its nuclear program. However, deeper to these reasons, one can not also dismiss the fact that this war was about petroleum and that Mr. George W. Bush was making attempts in securing and completing what his father set out to do ten years ago. So, Mr. Bush Junior amassed all the military power he could and attacked Iraq to oust the dictatorship and crush any insurgents. Alas! Mr. Bush has not yet succeeded. With the recent evidence showing that Iraq had no connection with any African country over the sale of Uranium, one begins to wonder whether Mr. Bush falsified statements to swing in his favor. Cynics and detractors can also draw fresh ammunition from the fact that no trace of a single WMD has been found in Iraq. What's worse? Polls recently revealed that Americans trusted pop start Eminen's lyrics more than Mr.Bush's words. Doesn't this all hint that the real intention is to usurp the oil supplies in Iraq? The peace keeping processes could be but an excuse not to draw to much attention.

And intention it might be, but Mr. Bush is no where near to getting his hands on it. With the war declared officially over nearly months, coalition troops were optimistic about a return back home. But no. As each day unfurls attacks on the coalition keep mounting as does the death toll. Also, the cost for the war which was estimated by secretary of defense, Mr. Donald Rumsfeld, earlier at billion per month has now totally . billion. The tables have been turned around and now Mr. Bush now finds the odds on him. He pulled an eye out and is having one of his pulled out now. More worrying for him is that the general elections are to be held next year and the question of whether the choice of going to war was a right one will erupt time and again. The repercussions of this war on Mr. Bush has still not reached its zenith but is slowly becoming more conspicuous. No evidence still remains as to whether Saddam Hussein is alive or not but from what we might believe he might be having a hearty laugh at Mr. Bush. "War never has positive Outcomes". Also "An eye for an eye makes the world go blind." Mr. Bush has experienced the sincerity of this quote. Hopefully he has learnt a lesson and will be sensible enough in not waging a war with North Korea.

A better example and one which will match all the criteria for the quote is the ongoing violence between Israel and Palestine. And this heated violence is not new to anyone. For over five decades, the Palestinians have fought to reclaim back what is rightly theirs. The history goes back to a period around 150 when Israel was proclaimed as its own country by the Jews, mainly because they felt that they were being oppressed by the Westerners. Because there were Palestinians and Israelis living in the same area and because they were of different religions but were still of Arab descent problems arose. The Palestinians were driven out the country and were compelled to live as refugees. Hence, the PLO was formed with its main aim being the destruction of Israel and the regaining of the land that was rightfully theirs. Over half a century has passed and we are still far away from restoring peace within both communities. Headlines such as "BOY KILLED IN SUICIDE BLAST" or "THREE KILLED IN WEST BANK THREATS POSED TO SIGNING OF NEW PEACE TREATY" have become customary but still cause great concern. Many eyes are being pulled and the world is gradually going blind.

When the situation become so dire, one can not just rely on peace keepers (like Mahatma Gandhi) to bring about stability. When people contemplate about the quote and achieve a sense of self realization and remove feelings of vengeance and malice from their minds, only then we will see an end to such atrocities. I wonder when I will see that day and when I can feel assured that I am in a fully secure environment.

 

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King Lear

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King Lear

Character----1962 Peter Brooke

oScript possessed characters that embodied a state of 'moral neutrality.' Forced the audience to make judgements themselves about the characters. Eg- Brooke's Lear earns his doom, therefore, does the audience pity, nod to his punishment, both?

oDisplay of minimal vision. Portrayal King Lear as a tragedy of the grotesque with an emphasis on minimalistic traits as a basis for his vision eg. Bare stage, two moveable white flats.

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oEmphasised Lear's tyranny and obsession with power, and also highlighted the similarity between his behaviour and that of Goneril and Regan.

oCharacterisation, also emphasised by the lack of symbols, staging and costumes.

oSome critics say; by emphasising the grandeur of each characters traits and characterisation and diminishing all other theatrical devices "this turned the play into a bleak vision of negation."

Chaos and Barbarity----1908 Max Reinhardt.

oWanted a "stark look in high relief to underline the violence and cruelty of the script."

oHe intended to achieve an outlet to show what he perceived as severity, cruelty and violence not only within the narrative of the play but also within the subtext- using symbols and representational material. Eg- the use of the black and white geometrical patters seen in the stimulus material. It captures the insanity and delusion shown by Lear in a symbolic state, which strongly represents his mental decline throughout the play.

oChose to explore the play from an angle of barbarity and severity.

oPanels; contrasting and clashing lines creating unrest, a feeling of anarchy.

oProduction that accents minimalist symbols. The stage was used as a signifier of emptiness, suggests a world of constant decomposition, the stage plateau itself eventually disintegrating, as if it had eroded.

oEmphasised the chaos and barbarity of King Lear through a violent mixture of patterned panels of cloth.

oLife is meaningless and random, without pattern or design.

oThe throne, placed upon a raised dais, was white, signalling that Lear's power at the beginning of the play was a force of good that was lost or abandoned as the play progressed.

oDisruption of order; Lear divides his kingdom in two- an unnatural act that unbalances the assumed hierarchy.

oEmphasis on destruction or decomposition of order. The natural order in this context was masculine power, and the destruction of order brought about throught female insubordination.

Political--------1981 Imre Csiszar

oUsed his set to signify a decaying factory with Lear, and industrial despot whose narrative inflicted state of madness and insanity. Lear's transition of descent from his state of power to a self-pitying industrial outcast.

oUsed the symbolic effect of a freight train that would screech on stage and crash down stage barriers, which represented n apocalyptic effect that was reinforced by the apocalypse within the play itself.

oPolitical theme. Production is a political parable about authority in Eastern Europe in the 80's. Decaying of the building, not only mirroring the decay of Lear and his kingdom, but also the decay in Eastrn Europe.

Feminist Portrayal

oA family that has succumbed to chaos and anarchy, basically because of the rise of the women within it. Elizabethan's had a great belief that the family revolved around the patriarchal dominance. The father was the head of the household, an das long as that stayed the case everything would be just fine. Goneril and Regan gained power……..anarchy reigned. They challenge the traditional 'power of men', celebrating their roles as women. They are very sezually powerful beings, and because of this they dominate their husbands. Their downfall is that they let themselves become infatuated by a 'man', it is their weakness. From a feminist point of view, it can even be seen as a warning to women about what will happen if we let men dominate our lives.

Family Drama

oLear as a mirror for the universal relationship between parent and child. Goneril and Regan as women who have led an unjust and abused childhood under a tyrannous father, who had always made it obvious that Cordelia was his favourite. Shakespeare himself shows them to be human, not just acting from unjustifiably evil personalities.

oHighlights the universal difficulties in understanding between the younger and older generations.

oGoneril and Regan; despite their love for their father, cannot continue living the life he wants for them, and must take a stand. Lear makes this harder than formal for them to do, which is why they end up doing the unforgivable things they do.

oStruggle between parent and child; in relation to that parent growing old and losing his or her mind. Parent must deal with the loss of independence, and the child must deal with the new dependence that the parent now has on them. Lear resents his children, in reaction to his loss of independence and power. Goneril and Regan therefore, are just in their treatment of Lear in the Beginning of the play, as to them he appears to be a difficult old man.

Changing Self----Ben Winspear

oPlay as an exploration of self, and how that self changes in the ever-changing harsh world that that we are surrounded by. The production also explores how….to deal with that world we.. take on roles, wear masks that we either create ourselves, or that have been created by others. Eg- Edgar transforms himself into a beggar, to hide from death. Lear himself disappears into his own madness, as if hiding from his own bad decisions and judgements. Goneril an Regan hide behind masks, masks of fake love for their father, and fake love for each other.

How do I see Lear?

From a feminist point of view.

Main focus is on Goneril and Regan…forward thinking, gain power by using their sexuality and brains. They celebrate their roles as women.

King Lear, he is very Elizabethan in his role. Has a great belief that the family revolves around the patriarchal dominance.

Regan and Goneril challence the traditional role of men and women.

Regan and Goneril- to represent the idea that unless you stand up, play the game, etc…. you will not gain anything. Nod and smile, until you get the power, then use it.

Act 1, Scene 1

Woman holding up the fort, getting no credit for it…………………..

Goneril and Regan, enter the court, supporting King Lear. Cordelia dutifully remaining a few steps behind. Cordelia was treated the way she was because she didn't understand the power, didn't understand the game. Goneril and Regan, their posture tall, proud. Head up. Look everyone in the eye. Look at the men present as an equal. Cordelia, eyes downcast, submissive, small steps. Wringing her hands. Hate confrontation.

Camera angles, positioning of people, backdrop,

Quotes

Lines 1-20 take out.

"Goneril, our (pause) eldest born, speak first."

Goneril and Regan exchange a glance.

"What sais our second daughter, wife of Cornwall."

'dearest' left out, despite their good qualities that he has not taken the time to find out, they are nothing to him. Stress on 'Cornwall'…indicates women are second to their husbands.

"Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave my heart into my mouth."….has never had to do anything to fight for her position. Just be meek and mild, obey, she gets what she wants. Too young to realise the game. Leave out the rest of her lines till Lear speaks again.

"But goes thy heart with this?"

"Ay, my good lord."

Lines 246-250 take out. (they show Cordelia with feminist virtues, not how I want her character.)

Goneril; "Let your study be to content your lord."- take out.

"We must do something, and I'th' heat." Music…..uplifting. Regan and Goneril both smiling, veils off their faces. Nearing the end of their suffering and suppression.

Richard Eyre. (red version)

Similarities

oUse of colour to show meaning. Flowers (feminism), Red (emotion)

oCordelia is not shown to be arrogant

oKing exorcises his command.

Differences

oCordelia not confident to speak her mind

oLear is shown to be petulant, little kid.

oCut out lines 1-20.

Michael Elliot

Similarities

oStraight to the entering of the King.

Differences

oSet in obvious time period of the stone age, with swords.

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Locomotion: Structure related to function

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Biology

Structure is related to function

Name Brodie Kenyon

Teacher Mrs. Firth

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Due Date 4th March

Table of Contents

Page 1 - Title Page

Page - Table of Contents

Page - Sketching Toad

Page 4 - Fish

Page 5 - Bird

Page 6 - Cat

Page 7 - Lizard

Page 8 - Dog

Page - Introduction

Page - Adaptations of Skeletal Structure

Page - Class locomotion Compare and Contrast

Page 1 - Conclusion

Page 14 - Bibliography

Adaptations of Skeletal Structure

Skeletal structure differs for the locomotion of all species. Locomotion refers to the movement of an animal from one place to another4, many reasons for locomotion include searching for food, escape from predators, find a mate or in search for better living conditions. Many modes of locomotion include burrowing to swimming into large depths of water or from air to water and vice versa. All forms of locomotion require exertions of energy and force on their surrounding environment, using both muscular and non-muscular movements. Adaptations in joints and bone structure enable each species to migrate from positions in any way that they need to.

Joints and structure adaptations in class Aves (bird) are important for their locomotion. Birds are well adapted and suited for aerial mode of life that their whole organization and body structure is based on this mechanism. Since flight imposes a large surface weight ratio, birds are commonly small compared to other mammals. This short body creates less surface area for gravity to pull them down to surface. Birds bodies are small and have large amount of feathers upon its body, which are used for heat insulation and flight. There are different kinds of feathers on different parts of the body, meant for different functions. The alteration of forelimb to wing is the most important adaptation to flight. There are two free carpals; and the rest of the wrist is made of three metacarpals, the rather large pectoral muscles, making a larger part of the weight of the body produces the active movements of aerial locomotion. The muscle in the arm itself serves to extend the whole wing and to change the positions of the parts which assist with the aerodynamics and powered flight of the bird. The larger the bird, the more force which needs to be generated to maintain its flight pattern which is why most birds are short, light skeletal structural adaptations and aerodynamic posture. Gliding flight is economical in energetic terms as to powerful flapping flight. Aerofoil is also used to generate lift in all type of flight the size and shape of the orientation of the aerofoil determines the flight performance.

Most characteristic adaptations occur in the skeleton. Bones are light, and most of the birds have extensions of the air sacs. Sternum contains a large keel for the connection of muscles, the final tail vertebrae is merged. By the presence of the keel, with its muscles, the centre of gravity is below the centre of pressure, giving great stability. The joints of the vertebral column are compacted so that there is only movement in the cervical region. Limbs and girdles are also altered and great fusion of bones takes place. The neck is stretched and highly mobile. The trunk is plump, boat-shaped and is the larger part of the body. They have two pairs of limbs which are against the trunk when the animal is not flying. As shown in fig 1 each wing shows three typical divisions as do most animals upper arm, forearm and hand.

The shape of the wings and evolution of the muscles depend on the type of the flight that they wish to endure. The hind limbs are placed in a position that they can carry the entire body weight when they are on the ground.

Class Mammalian involves a less technical procedure for locomotion throughout their environment. Mammals are vertebrates by definition, this means that all mammals have an internal bony support structure to which muscles and ligaments are attached4. With basic joint and bone structure enables basic movement against the force of gravity. With mammals travelling on the surface of Earth a majority of the weight is transferred directly onto the surface. The main structure of the locomotion for mammals is the pelvic girdle. With both limbs departing from this structure, it becomes valuable for the precise movement of both limbs. Mammals consist of a head at one end of a vertebral column from which extend ribs to support the working organs and four limbs for locomotion. The vertebral column ends in a tail but the huge range of lifestyles and habitats utilised by mammals means that a great deal of variety exists between different groups. Some species lack a tail, others lack apparent hind limbs and the skull is very variable7. The skull in early stages consists of a very cartilagous structure, containing minimal bone, but as the body develops so does the bone structure throughout the body.

Amphibian locomotion differs as they are in both water and land, the skeleton design is highly specialised. Amphibians contain short, barely flexible vertebral column. Particularly the toad contains an unusual wishbone shaped pelvic girdle. The hind limb, proximal pair of ankle bones are separate and elongated5. Therefore different amphibian species migrate in varied ways. The main action for locomotion is the bending of the elbow1. The toad transfers positions using mainly strong, flexibly hind limbs, with a great outreach and forceful propulsion on the surface. With great movement in all pelvis region, knees and especially ankle region shows that they are able to conduct swimming locomotion as well as land.

Class Osteichthyes (Fish) skeletal structure differs throughout their species and are present in many varying forms all over the world. The main difference between shapes of individual species would firstly concern the need for them to travel through a resistant fluid with varying densities, pressures and drags. With a combination of these problems each species has developed, sometimes radically, different body profiles, many have developed torpedo shaped bodies to counteract the drag and glide through the water5. The caudal fin is probably the most important attachment used for acceleration as it whips through the water generating acceleration throughout their environment. Sideways curvature in the spine moves in a posterior direction to ensure basic direction and adaptation to their swimming environment. The swimming procedure starts with lateral displacement of head, and then passage of this displacement along the body axis to the tail1, similar to peristalsis motion to force the structure through using energy powering force. This Eel-like swimming characteristic is more energy efficient than power stroking using fins.

The lizard (Reptilia) is evolved from the class amphibian. With very fast rear limb movements, requires the lizard to have full mobility at the knees8. These very fast land animals have a basic locomotive structure. When the travel they also use the wave like motion similar to a fish, which enables them to be aerodynamic and not exert as much energy to move. With a lateral flexible spine allows side movement similar to the fish. They contain fine bones underneath the mandible so when they flare the frill neck is at a constant output8. Locomotion is common with these animals so adaptations are similar with all species.

The dog (Canis familiaris) and the cat (Felis silvestris) are both mammals, but even though they seem so similar there are varying differences in locomotion structure and skeleton structure. The movements in the neck are slightly limited to the dog when compared to the cat. Many differences which can be identified are that cats have a more curved and flexible spine. The have a longer tail and typically smaller animal. The body structures are typically the same, only differs slightly in the limb structure. Cats are particularly flexible; this is due to the structure of their body. Cats have 0 spinal vertebrae which extends all the way to the tip of the tail. This is 5 more than is found in humans, also Scapulae (shoulder bones) which are attached to the sides of the body by muscle, pliable discs of the bone-like substance fibrocartilage, a small floating clavicle attached to the body by muscle and strong hind legs which are longer than the forelegs, this enables them to jump long distances and climb vertical structures.

Locomotion is important in all species whether its for food or defensive actions, Skeletal structure is important to ensure locomotion is accurate in direct and prevent injuries. Basically skeletal structure is the bony section of the body and holds everything together. Without locomotion and moving parts, species would be still and not able to move. Skeletal structure even helps stimulate breathing by putting pressure on the lungs. Locomotion is important in everyday life for interaction feeding and daily habits. The design of locomotive structure determines the energy exertion amount and preserves energy for other activities. Finally adaptations in joints and bone structure enables each specific species to migrate from positions in any way they require to and live as modern day vertebrates.

1.Alexander, R. McN. "Size, speed, and buoyancy adaptations in aquatic animals". Am. Zool. 0 (18)

.Brown, R. H. J. (16). "The flight of birds". Biol. Rev. 8

.Cambell, Mitchell and Reece "Biology Concepts & Connections, nd Edition" Addison Wesley Lonmgman Inc. (17), Lisa Moller

4.Knox, Ladgies, Evans and Saint "Biology nd Edition" McGraw-Hill Companies (001) Australia, NSW

5.M.J Lighthill "Hydromechanics of Aquatic Animal Propulsion" Ann. Rev Fluid. Mech. Vol 1 (16)

6.http//www.boneroom.com/bone/animalskel.html 5/0/0

7.http//www.ece.eps.hw.ac.uk/Research/oceans/people/Michael_Sfakiotakis/IEEEJOE_.pdf (1) 1/0/0

8.http//www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/reptiles/lizard/Lizardprintout.shtml (00) 0/0/0

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Magic Realism in Eva Luna

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Magic realism is a description of a certain sub genre that combines realism with fantastic and dreamlike elements. This term may be thought as a paradox- magic is not real- but such novels do not create a new world such as fantasy novels do, but suggest that the world is filled with secrets. These magical elements are not questioned and are simply apart of that reality. The mysterious, the beautiful and the amazing are expressed as magical, and perhaps are magical to the human perception of the world. Magic realism and its associated elements and techniques are displayed in Isabel Allendes novel Eva Luna. This novel displays realism alongside magical components that are seen as normal to the characters. It experiments with plot and style, and blurs traditional reactions to subjects. Materials from fairytale-like stories are used, political/social subjects are explored, time is represented as circular, and the paradox of the union of opposites is explored. All these characteristics of magic realism prove Eva Luna to be magic realist literature.

Magic realism uses sharply etched realism in representing ordinary events and descriptive details, according to Abrams Glossary of Literary Terms, and such a feature is displayed in this novel. Realism is where things are portrayed as they actually are, without idealisation, and this can blur the lines between good and bad. They paid little attention to Consuelo, who was growing up scorched by the sun, poorly nourished on yucca and fish, infested with parasites, bitten by mosquitoes, free as a bird. In an ideal world, she would have been clean and healthy, but is portrayed more realistically as dirty and unhealthy, yet still happy and free. A more powerful example of realism in the text is where the new, seemingly true love between Eva and Rolf doesn't last. …we loved each other more modestly until that love wore thin and nothing was left but shreds. It shows a painfully more real ending that most relationships dont last. This feature is expressed throughout the novel, proving the realism part of magic realism.

Magic realism involves the inclusion of fantastic and dreamlike elements in an otherwise realistic plot and setting, and this is found in Eva Luna. It clings to reality, but express the magic in that reality.

When she talked about the past, or told her stories, the room filled with light; the walls dissolved to reveal incredible landscapes, palaces crowded with unimaginable objects, faraway countries… She reduced me [Eva] to the size of an ant so I could experience the universe form that smallness; she gave me wings to see it from the heavens.

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The fantastic elements have an escapism effect, where you are taken to a new world with new rules and amazing features, but these elements stay close to reality. Consuelo simply tells stories that are transformed into breathtaking adventures through the imagination, but interpreting it on such a level is not necessary- we feel like Eva actually does travel across landscapes and is transformed into animals. This is perhaps the most obvious clue that this novel is magic realism.

The magic is part of the atmosphere of the setting in magic realist novels, and is an important aspect of it. The setting for the beginning of Eva Luna is a missionary surrounded by tropical jungle. It is a real setting, but a magical dimension is added to it. …on piles driven into the mud of a river of opalescent waters whose banks evaporated in the reverberating light. The dwellings seemed to drift amid silent canoes, garbage, carcasses of dogs and rats, and inexplicable white blossoms. Evocative words like opalescent and reverberating light create the image of sunlight sparkling on top of clear water, reflecting everywhere. It is a fantastic and amazing scene that could be described as magical. The second sentence adds a different atmosphere, describing garbage and carcasses, but strangely there are beautiful flowers growing amidst this. Beautiful life is able to prosper in filth, expressing the magic in reality. The use of setting in this novel portrays it as magic realism.

The magical elements in magic realist novels are never found to be strange by the characters, they are simply apart of the world, and this is true for Eva Luna. Magic realism aims to show something common or daily in something unreal or strange.

…and the Palace of the Poor, which for thirty seconds materialised like a hallucination at one side of the road…; Someone [had] ordered the guardia to remove the interlopers, with firearms if necessary, but the officials became lost along the way. They could not evict the occupants because the palace and everything inside had become invisible to the human eye; it had entered another dimension where life continued without aggravation.

The Palace of the Poor is casually described as a building that appears and disappears, that it becomes invisible and enters another dimension. These strange, magical elements do not surprise the inhabitants of this world, they are simply there. This proves that this novel can be described as magic realism.

Magic realist novels violate, in various ways, standard novelistic expectations by experimenting with narrative elements and styles of writing, as is done in Eva Luna. The novels plot wonders, going everywhere without a set central conflict and meaning like most novels. There is no main problem, but many that are resolved one after the other. It is more like a journey, containing many highlights and lessons, closer to a fictionalised autobiography than a novel. This experimentation with style and plot is typical of magic realist literature, demonstrating that Eva Luna can be classified under this sub genre.

Magic realist literature can blur traditional distinctions between what is serious or trivial, horrible or ludicrous, tragic or comic, and Allende does this in Eva Luna. One such example is Elviras coffin. She feared a paupers death, that her bones would be tossed into a common grave, and to avoid posthumous humiliation she had bought a coffin on credit, which she kept in her room. Allende uses assonance, describing posthumous humiliation to add humour into a usually serious topic. The idea of keeping ones coffin in the bedroom is very eccentric, blurring the distinction between the serious and humorous. Displaying this feature proves Eva Luna as magic realism.

Texts with magic realism also contain materials derived from myth and fairy tales, and such material is shown in Eva Luna. At the beginning of the novel a quotation from A Thousand and One Tales of the Arabian Nights is cited Then he said to Scheherazade Sister, for the sake of Allah, tell us a story that will help pass the night…. Scheherazade tells a cruel king stories to entertain and distract him from killing in vengeance of his wifes adultery, and succeeds in doing so for a thousand and one nights. This relates to Eva Lunas ability to tell stories. She tells Rolf a story of his past, where all his pains were changed into happiness. By giving Rolf a new life, reshaped to remove his terrible childhood, he is transformed much like the king in A Thousand and One Tales. By containing material from a tale, Eva Luna is further established to be magic realism.

Politics, revolution and social changes are often explored in these novels, and are sometimes used to make political statements. The many descriptions of the political turmoil in Chile are obvious examples of this. The tribal chieftain - motivated to cooperate after the Army had swept through her village leaving a swath of burning huts, gutted animals, and raped girls - had agreed to take the men [guerillas] across the river and lead them through the jungle. Allende describes the cruel and evil actions of the army, positioning the reader to feel anger against the government and righteousness in the guerilla movement. By exploring politics and revolution, her novel fulfils a trend of magic realist literature.

Time is a common subject, which is frequently displayed as cyclical instead of linear, in magic realist novels such as Eva Luna. Characters that Eva meet earlier on in the novel return again near the end. Elvira, Huberto and Melesio/Mimi reappear in such a manner, suggesting the circular, repetitive nature of time. She revisits Riad Halabi after many years of leaving her father figure/lover. He was exactly as I remembered him, not a minute older… I saw a girl [his wife] who was probably no more than fourteen… this man had rejected me because I was too young. Even events for Riad have been re-occurring, now with another young lover. Eva Luna can be defined as magic realism because of this display of circular time.

Magic realism also concentrates on the paradox of the union of opposites, and in Eva Luna the opposites mainly referred to are life and death. This also relates to time travelling in circles, life and death being a continuous cycle. Once such example is when Eva is conceived when her father was about to die. …soon he tumbled her over and embraced her with the urgency dictated by the proximity of death… And that is how I was conceived, on my fathers deathbed. The close relationship between life and death is examined, as when death comes, it is necessary for us to reproduce and achieve a form of immortality. Another union of these two opposites is when Elvira is saved by her coffin, using it as a raft during a flood. Imagine…all that sleeping in the box so that when death came for me, Id be ready, and then what came for me was life.… The coffin had saved her life. The paradox of being saved by an object that signifies death is obvious. By displaying this feature of magic realism, Eva Luna is proved to be described as such.

Eva Luna displays all the basic elements and trends of magical realism. Sharp realism is shown, portraying things, such as relationships, as they actually are without idealisation. Fantastic and dreamlike elements, entwined with a real setting, are seen as normal to the characters. The novel violates standard novelistic expectations with its wondering plot and autobiographical format. Allende blurs traditional distinctions of what is serious or humorous with Elviras eccentricities. Materials from tales are used and related to, politics, revolutions and social changes are explored, and time is shown as circular. Finally Allende concentrates on the paradox of the union of death and life, binary opposites, fulfilling all magic realist novel expectations and proving that Eva Luna can indeed be described as magic realism.

Please note that this sample paper on Magic Realism in Eva Luna is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Magic Realism in Eva Luna, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Magic Realism in Eva Luna will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior.

If you order your paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements.Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. , therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. paper at affordable prices with Online writing services offer help on The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. !Antigone "There is no shame in honoring my brother." Antigone's passionate spirit stands strong for her brother, as she defies Creon's law. Antigone conveys to us that she holds a high respect for her family. The tragedy Antigone by Sophocles, consists of the power that conventions hold within society and how they dictate individuals behaviors. Through honor and authority of Creon, the voice of women in society and disobedience succumbing to death we are taught of these dictations. The voice of authority in Antigone is the voice of Creon. Through Creon's arrogant self-assured character we are shown he is a very dominating man who holds much power. Unlike any other King, Creon is a man who can't bare traitors and people disobeying his high rulings. He believes he is a King willing to seek advice and listen to people, but in reality loves the sound of his own voice. An honorable man and society respects him and his laws. "If we transgress the laws and defy our King?" People are scarred of him and the consequences of disobeying his laws. His mark of authority is so strong that only one person in society is strong enough to question him and that is Antigone. Ismene will question Antigone's acts as a result of her litigious character. Antigone was strong enough to defy Creon's law and honor her brother's death, regardless of this situation she still disobeyed the King. "But authority cannot afford to connive at disobedience." How can we acknowledge Antigone's acts if she disobeyed the King and went against the law? How could we support Antigone if her only defense is that she wanted to honor her brother by burying him? Would we be politically correct in saying that because Antigone is so proud and driven by determination, it was her obligation to defy the law? Although Antigone did defy this law of the land, she was driven by her feelings no matter what the outcome would consequent to her. Her obligation was to bury her brother and defy this authority and as a result she was punished with death. Antigone is proud and has a high respect for her family. She will never question her beliefs because they are always from the heart. "Is he not my brother and yours?" Antigone has to question where Ismene stands in the situation. If she will go against her litigious character and bury her brother with Antigone. Ismene could never defy the law, not even for her own brother. Antigone is outraged by this and believes that family is stronger than anything is. This could possibly support the tragic history throughout Antigone's family. "I love no friend whose love is only words." When judgement day arrived for Antigone Ismene wished to die with her. Possibly because she wanted to be with Antigone or because she felt she committed some act against Creon. Antigone stood strong and believed that peoples actions will always speak louder than words. "To lie beside a brother whom I love." There is nothing that could fulfill her more than to die with her brother. This would ultimately be the greatest feeling. We ask ourselves almost if she is doing this because she wants to die? But we know that she isn't. Although nothing could fulfill her more than this, she is determined to prove her point to Creon, that everyone should be entitled to a burial regardless of the situation. Antigone's pride of her family will always rule. No matter what the consequence is Antigone will go to all lengths to fulfill her determination.

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Women in society are to be locked up indoors. This tradition lived in Ancient Greece where the authority of male domination was the only voice. This was the technique used to control the gender power. "We'll have no women's laws here." Creon expressed that he didn't want to hear what Antigone had to say. With women he did not care on how they felt about his rulings and how he achieved them. One voice was heard and his only. He was sexist in stating his beliefs on women, when he hadn't even listened to what Antigone had to say. "A woman better be beaten by a man," If the women won't listen to the men they will use other alternatives to make them listen. They were undermined into believing that men had more power.

They lead them into believing why should we have say in anything for we are only women? This frustrated Antigone and here could also possibly lie her determination. Antigone is rebellious and where she is told not to do something, if she believes in it, she will pursue it. "Than let a woman get the better of us." Creon in his mind believes that to listen to women is wrong and for women to gain power would be for women to get the better of them. Women of this society are more vulnerable and this adds as an additional benefit in Creon's power. One woman was only strong enough to break the law. If Antigone didn't do so, would a woman's voice in society ever be heard? Death is a key aspect in the play. Death is always a deterrent or an act of punishment. In Antigone's case death was the law. If the law were broken anyone who broke it would be sentenced to death. "There is no punishment that can rob me of my honorable death." Because Antigone was driven by determination she didn't think twice on what the outcome resulted in. There could never be a punishment that could rob her of any honor. "If I die for it, what happiness!" What Antigone believed to be doing was morally correct. If she died committing an act of crime against the law, which she believed in she would be happy. She would have died with no regrets. Although death was no deterrent did Antigone want to die? Death didn't seem like such a big deal for Antigone. Although Antigone is a strong noble character she falters in her final words. She expresses that she has never married and will never marry and all the things she will miss out on. She got herself convicted of disobeying the law; she must now carry this deed with her. Antigone just couldn't finally accept this in her pride. Death was no deterrent for anybody to strongly express themselves against Creon's words. Although he held a high authority he didn't really act in a positive judgement and this is what clouded him and robbed him of his own death. Through the dictations of society's conventions we are lead to believe that these have a strong act on peoples behavior. These conventions influence people and their judgment. In Creon's case, this clouded his rulings. Creon's Authority got the better of him in the end. He was so besotted by his own power he didn't take into consideration what would happen as a result of Antigone's death. "My hands have done amiss, my head is bowed." Creon realized his misjudgment when he was punished with death as no other option. The power of his hands and authority have done wrong, he is ashamed.

jealousy with Gene as Gene does with Finny. He never thinks of their relationship as a competition, but Gene still feels overshadowed and controlled. The inner war that Gene holds with Finny is what ultimately leads to Finny's crippling and death. Before the accident Finny asks Gene to come watch Leper jump out of the tree for the Super Suicide Society. Gene feels that Finny is trying to intentionally make him do poorly in his classes. Gene tells Finny that if he goes it will ruin his grades. Finny is honest and says he never knew that Gene had to study to get good grades. Gene realizes that Finny had made a parallel between his athletics and Gene's studies; Finny thought that Gene's knowledge simply came to him. All at once Gene's rationalization of Finny is destroyed, understanding that he and Finny are not really alike at all. Finny is a good person free of envy and Gene is inferior. Gene feels once again, insignificant and secondary, and releases his frustration by pushing Finny out of the tree. Even though the action was done on blind impulse Gene still feels a sense of joy to have defeated someone who he considers an enemy and threat. This entire accident was all a result of competition. After the accident Gene feels superior to Finny and therefore, can be his friend not his rival. Gene is happy that Finny will never be as great as he was. He will never be able to participate in sports or even walk as smoothly as he did. Gene feels he has finally won the inner war he had with Finny and no longer has to compete against his best friend. In "Bless the Beasts and Children" competition is also an substantial part of the theme. Box Canyon Boys Camp is centered around competitions. Boys were not assigned cabins to stay in but instead they found a group and cabin to be in. Competition separated the popular kids from the social rejects and the winners from the losers. The Lally brothers, Teft, Goodenow and Shrecker were misfits. They were wealthy, emotionally disturbed boys. They wet the bed, sucked their thumbs, and had nightmares. No one wanted them in their cabin. Only one "normal kid", Cotton would tolerate and lead the misfits. Everything at the camp revolved around competition. Each cabin was a team. Each team competed in riding, archery, riflery, crafts, swimming and field sports. All of the competitions were scored. The teams would be ranked in order from highest to lowest and given Indian tribe names according to their ranking. The highest ranked team was the Apaches, followed by the Sioux, Comanches, Cheyenne, Navajo and the last place team was the "bedwetters". No one wanted to be the "bedwetters". It was a shame and an embarrassment and that team was teased, tormented, and taunted. While the Apaches acquired a head of a buffalo bull, the "bedwetters" received a large white chamber pot. Cotton and his crew always were the "bedwetters". This caused them all feel very badly about themselves. They all felt that they weren't anybody, useless and ineffectual. This feeling of rejection caused and originated the mission to save the buffalo. They felt instant empathy when they saw the defenseless, innocent animals slaughtered. Ironically the feelings of the animals was parallel with the feeling of the young men. They knew the feeling of uselessness. The freeing of the buffalo symbolizes the freeing of themselves, their own self-discovery and their maturation into

Many women and men are looking into human cloning because they are infertile. But, the problem is that the U.S. congress is considering human cloning for reproductive purposes to be a criminal act (Lampman 1). They will have to wait a while if they want to have their child by cloning. Another way to have a child is by vitro-fertilization, which allows the ability to start a life outside of the womb (British 2). Creating a human clone would have many birth defects because of all the genes. There are over 30,000 genes in a body. There is no way they could test over 30,000 genes. There would probably be mutations and such in the genetic code of the body. There is a high risk of change in the genetic code (Drlica 147). In conclusion there should not be human clones until further research is done on the subject. Before scientists start making human clones scientists should get the success rate of animal clones up much more than three percent. It could be beneficial but it will take a lot of research and testing. Human cloning may be playing god but eventually someone will make a human clone, whether it is in a year or one hundred years.

Works Cited Gibbs, Nancy. "Cloning: Where Do You Draw the Line?" Time 13 Feb. 2001: 18-21 Gorman, Christine. "Cloning: Humans May Have It Easier." Time 27 Feb. 2001: 56-57 Lampman, Jane. "Transcript of our live event with Jane Lampman." Yahoo. http://www.csmonitor.com/monitortalk/events/pastevents/0628chatLo g.html (6 Nov. 2001). "British Government Panel Approves Human Cloning for Cell Research." Yahoo. http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/08/16/embryo.cloning.02/ (6 Nov. 2001). Cole-Turner, Ronald. Human Cloning: Religious Responses. Los Angeles: Westminister John Knox Press, 1997. Drlica, Karl. Understanding DNA and Gene Cloning. New York: Jon Wiley & Sons inc, 1984. Gibbs, Nancy. "Baby It's You! And You, And You…" Time 19 February 2001: 46-57. Goodman, Steve. "Should There Be Human Clones?" Faces: People, Places, andures. 16 January 2000: 6-11. Please note that this sample paper on The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes.In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. , we are here to assist you.Your custom paper on The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.Order your authentic assignment from Online writing services offer help on The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

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As a business student I feel that the above statement is absolutely false. The fact is quiet the opposite. The prime benefits of globalization are :-

 Increases the content of MIDDLE class income group by providing more executive and general job opportunities.

 It gives the economy a strong activity boost by increasing production of goods and services and helps in reducing costs by finding the most competitive and cost effective solutions to business.

The following excerpt shows the positive effect on poverty in Malaysia :-

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"Malaysia has been lambasted for adopting a heterodox approach to overcome the

financial crisis. In September 1998 it introduced selective capital controls. In early 1999

(February) it modified capital controls by introducing a repatriation levy or an "exit tax"

on portfolio capital. There are stronger signs that the economy is recovering in 1999.

Capital controls along with other policy measures seem to be pulling the economy out of

recession. In 4Q 1998 the economy contracted by 8.6 percent and a much smaller 1.6

percent in 1Q 1999. The 2Q 1999 will probably see a marginal positive growth and a

growth rate of 1 – 2 percent could be in store for 1999. Officially a 5 percent growth is

anticipated for 2000. The level of absolute poverty is expected to rise marginally in 1998,

unlikely to worsen in 1999 and 2000."

Another excerpt authored by Kofi Anan

Companies must take lead to ensure globalization benefits many

By Kofi A. Annan

Many people are asking me why I have agreed to attend the World Economic Forum this year. Some even seem to think that by doing so I align myself with the glitterati and the global elite, turning my back on the downtrodden masses who - in these people's eyes - are the victims of globalization. If anything, the opposite is true. I see the forum as an opportunity to address that global elite on behalf of those downtrodden masses: on behalf, especially, of well over 1bn people in today's world who are living without enough food to eat, without safe water to drink, without primary schooling or healthcare for their children - in short, without the most basic requirements of human dignity. Personally, I do not believe that those people are victims of globalization. Their problem is not that they are included in the global market but, in most cases, that they are excluded from it.

But it is up to the global elite - to business and political leaders from the more fortunate countries - to prove that perception wrong, with actions that translate into concrete results for the downtrodden, exploited and excluded.

It is not enough to say, though it is true, that without business the poor would have no hope of escaping their poverty.

Too many of them have no hope as it is. They need to be shown, by tangible examples making a difference to their own lives, that economics, properly applied, and profits, wisely invested, can bring social benefits within reach not only for the few but also for the many, and eventually for all.

Many business leaders still think these are problems for governments to solve, and that business should concern itself only with the bottom line. But most of them understand that in the long run the bottom line depends on economic and social conditions, as well as political stability. And increasing numbers are realizing that they do not have to wait for governments to do the right thing - indeed, that they cannot afford to. In many cases, governments only find the courage and resources to do the right thing when business takes the lead.

Sometimes companies can make a massive difference with really small investments. Take the case of the world's salt manufacturers. Working with the United Nations, they have made sure that all salt manufactured for human consumption contains iodine. The result is that every year, more than 90m newborn children are protected against iodine deficiency, and thus against a major cause of mental retardation.

We need many more examples like that - examples of companies helping to mobilize global science and technology to tackle the interlocking crises of hunger, disease, environmental degradation and conflict that are holding back the developing world.

It is true that, for most such initiatives to succeed, business needs enlightened partners in government. But it need not wait passively for them to appear. In many countries, the voice of business leaders plays a very important role in moulding the climate of opinion in which governments take their decisions. Indeed, no one is better placed than business leaders to refute the arguments of protectionists and penny-pinchers. They are the ones who can make the most persuasive case for opening the markets of rich countries to labor-intensive products from poor ones and for an end to the farm export subsidies that make it impossible for farmers in poor countries to compete.

And they are the ones who, as leading taxpayers, can argue most persuasively for debt relief and official assistance to developing countries, as well as a chance for those countries to make their voice heard when decisions affecting the world economy are being discussed. All those things are essential if today's poor countries are to grow and prosper. Of course, they need to get their own houses in order so that they can mobilize domestic resources and attract and benefit from private foreign investment.

But they must be given a fair chance to export their products, and many of them need financial and technical help – to build up their infrastructure and capacities - before they can take advantage of market opportunities. Even when a door is opened, you cannot walk through it without leg muscles.

Next month, at the Monterrey Conference on Financing for Development, political and business leaders will have the chance to show, by tackling these issues seriously, that they intend to make sure globalization offers the poor a real chance to escape from poverty.

They can strike a truly decisive blow against the forces of envy, despair and terror by sending out a clear message of solidarity, respect and - above all - hope.

The author is Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Does Globalization increase Poverty & inequality ?

On 29th January 2002 the Goa Chambers of Commerce and Industry in collaboration with the Friedrich Naumann Foundation, New Delhi office, invited a panel discussion on "Whether Globalization benefits the Poor?" Over 80 participants came to listen to a distinguished Panel consisting of Mr. Swaminathan Aiyar, Consulting Editor of The Economic Times, Mr Bibek Debroy, Economist and Director of the Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Contemporary Studies, Mr. Detmar Doering, Deputy Director of Liberales Institut, Friedrich Naumann Stiftung and Mr. Leon Louw, Project Coordinator of Good Law Project in South Africa.

The four speakers were par excellence in their presentations. For the people of Goa this was an opportunity to listen and interact with the prominent speakers who were coming together on a single platform for the first time. The speakers mesmerized the audience comprising Students, Businessmen, Govt. Officials, Media and others on their indisputable presentations that Globalization does benefit the poor.

The consensus was that Globalization results in increased competition which improves the quality of products and reduces their prices. However many players in the field would need to adjust and search for an area in which they had competitive advantages. The panel agreed that with the right kind of policies, the condition of the poor could be improved substantially and this would lead to an overall development of economic growth of the country.

GLOBALISATION BENEFITS ONLY AFTER WAR ON POVERTY

In his remarks to the 3rd LDC conference, Mr. Benjamin William Mkapa, President of the United Republic of Tanzania, called for a little "soul-searching" and to show that the hands that cradle our world are "warm and caring, not cold and indifferent." Reciprocal recriminations will never put food on the plate of the hungry, nor take their children to school, the President affirmed. In the following excerpts from his address, President Mkapa looks at some of the new approaches and initiatives from the LDC perspective, the role of various development actors and what is at stake in the areas of trade, debt, and ODA. He contends that it is success in the war on poverty that will pull the benefits of globalization for LDCs.

We need to ask ourselves three basic questions:

First, do we now know, in sufficient detail and clarity, why many earlier approaches and initiatives failed - be it the Programmes of Action of previous LDC Conferences, or all the other global summits on education, on environment, on poverty, on health, on habitat, on women, on children and others. All the targets that came out of the Conferences and Summits were noble, and at the time we agreed on them, we believed we were all committed to play our different but complementary and coordinated roles. We failed. Was the problem the goals, the approaches, the initiatives, the role players, or their co-ordination?

Secondly, if with the help of the Report of the Panel (High-Level Panel for the Review of Progress in the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the 1990s) we believe we now know what went wrong, are we equally certain that the new approaches and initiatives we are launching here, and the roles we assign to the different actors, relevant to the solution needed to effectively deal with the previous problems; and, can they be relied upon to increase the speed of implementation to make up for lost time, and to produce the effectiveness and efficiency needed to attain that speed?

Thirdly, we need greater introspection by all the actors, especially governments, in both rich and poor countries, regarding sufficient commitment to these new approaches and initiatives. The report of the Panel has shown that lack of, or insufficient, political will is a major contributory factor to previous failures. Are we now sufficiently driven to engender the necessary political will, among all actors, to not fail again?

As a business student I feel that the above statement is absolutely false. The fact is quiet the opposite. The prime benefits of globalization are :-

 Increases the content of MIDDLE class income group by providing more executive and general job opportunities.

 It gives the economy a strong activity boost by increasing production of goods and services and helps in reducing costs by finding the most competitive and cost effective solutions to business.

The following excerpt shows the positive effect on poverty in Malaysia :-

"Malaysia has been lambasted for adopting a heterodox approach to overcome the

financial crisis. In September 1998 it introduced selective capital controls. In early 1999

(February) it modified capital controls by introducing a repatriation levy or an "exit tax"

on portfolio capital. There are stronger signs that the economy is recovering in 1999.

Capital controls along with other policy measures seem to be pulling the economy out of

recession. In 4Q 1998 the economy contracted by 8.6 percent and a much smaller 1.6

percent in 1Q 1999. The 2Q 1999 will probably see a marginal positive growth and a

growth rate of 1 – 2 percent could be in store for 1999. Officially a 5 percent growth is

anticipated for 2000. The level of absolute poverty is expected to rise marginally in 1998,

unlikely to worsen in 1999 and 2000."

Another excerpt authored by Kofi Anan

Companies must take lead to ensure globalization benefits many

By Kofi A. Annan

Many people are asking me why I have agreed to attend the World Economic Forum this year. Some even seem to think that by doing so I align myself with the glitterati and the global elite, turning my back on the downtrodden masses who - in these people's eyes - are the victims of globalization. If anything, the opposite is true. I see the forum as an opportunity to address that global elite on behalf of those downtrodden masses: on behalf, especially, of well over 1bn people in today's world who are living without enough food to eat, without safe water to drink, without primary schooling or healthcare for their children - in short, without the most basic requirements of human dignity. Personally, I do not believe that those people are victims of globalization. Their problem is not that they are included in the global market but, in most cases, that they are excluded from it.

But it is up to the global elite - to business and political leaders from the more fortunate countries - to prove that perception wrong, with actions that translate into concrete results for the downtrodden, exploited and excluded.

It is not enough to say, though it is true, that without business the poor would have no hope of escaping their poverty.

Too many of them have no hope as it is. They need to be shown, by tangible examples making a difference to their own lives, that economics, properly applied, and profits, wisely invested, can bring social benefits within reach not only for the few but also for the many, and eventually for all.

Many business leaders still think these are problems for governments to solve, and that business should concern itself only with the bottom line. But most of them understand that in the long run the bottom line depends on economic and social conditions, as well as political stability. And increasing numbers are realizing that they do not have to wait for governments to do the right thing - indeed, that they cannot afford to. In many cases, governments only find the courage and resources to do the right thing when business takes the lead.

Sometimes companies can make a massive difference with really small investments. Take the case of the world's salt manufacturers. Working with the United Nations, they have made sure that all salt manufactured for human consumption contains iodine. The result is that every year, more than 90m newborn children are protected against iodine deficiency, and thus against a major cause of mental retardation.

We need many more examples like that - examples of companies helping to mobilize global science and technology to tackle the interlocking crises of hunger, disease, environmental degradation and conflict that are holding back the developing world.

It is true that, for most such initiatives to succeed, business needs enlightened partners in government. But it need not wait passively for them to appear. In many countries, the voice of business leaders plays a very important role in moulding the climate of opinion in which governments take their decisions. Indeed, no one is better placed than business leaders to refute the arguments of protectionists and penny-pinchers. They are the ones who can make the most persuasive case for opening the markets of rich countries to labor-intensive products from poor ones and for an end to the farm export subsidies that make it impossible for farmers in poor countries to compete.

And they are the ones who, as leading taxpayers, can argue most persuasively for debt relief and official assistance to developing countries, as well as a chance for those countries to make their voice heard when decisions affecting the world economy are being discussed. All those things are essential if today's poor countries are to grow and prosper. Of course, they need to get their own houses in order so that they can mobilize domestic resources and attract and benefit from private foreign investment.

But they must be given a fair chance to export their products, and many of them need financial and technical help – to build up their infrastructure and capacities - before they can take advantage of market opportunities. Even when a door is opened, you cannot walk through it without leg muscles.

Next month, at the Monterrey Conference on Financing for Development, political and business leaders will have the chance to show, by tackling these issues seriously, that they intend to make sure globalization offers the poor a real chance to escape from poverty.

They can strike a truly decisive blow against the forces of envy, despair and terror by sending out a clear message of solidarity, respect and - above all - hope.

The author is Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Does Globalization increase Poverty & inequality ?

On 29th January 2002 the Goa Chambers of Commerce and Industry in collaboration with the Friedrich Naumann Foundation, New Delhi office, invited a panel discussion on "Whether Globalization benefits the Poor?" Over 80 participants came to listen to a distinguished Panel consisting of Mr. Swaminathan Aiyar, Consulting Editor of The Economic Times, Mr Bibek Debroy, Economist and Director of the Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Contemporary Studies, Mr. Detmar Doering, Deputy Director of Liberales Institut, Friedrich Naumann Stiftung and Mr. Leon Louw, Project Coordinator of Good Law Project in South Africa.

The four speakers were par excellence in their presentations. For the people of Goa this was an opportunity to listen and interact with the prominent speakers who were coming together on a single platform for the first time. The speakers mesmerized the audience comprising Students, Businessmen, Govt. Officials, Media and others on their indisputable presentations that Globalization does benefit the poor.

The consensus was that Globalization results in increased competition which improves the quality of products and reduces their prices. However many players in the field would need to adjust and search for an area in which they had competitive advantages. The panel agreed that with the right kind of policies, the condition of the poor could be improved substantially and this would lead to an overall development of economic growth of the country.

GLOBALISATION BENEFITS ONLY AFTER WAR ON POVERTY

In his remarks to the 3rd LDC conference, Mr. Benjamin William Mkapa, President of the United Republic of Tanzania, called for a little "soul-searching" and to show that the hands that cradle our world are "warm and caring, not cold and indifferent." Reciprocal recriminations will never put food on the plate of the hungry, nor take their children to school, the President affirmed. In the following excerpts from his address, President Mkapa looks at some of the new approaches and initiatives from the LDC perspective, the role of various development actors and what is at stake in the areas of trade, debt, and ODA. He contends that it is success in the war on poverty that will pull the benefits of globalization for LDCs.

We need to ask ourselves three basic questions:

First, do we now know, in sufficient detail and clarity, why many earlier approaches and initiatives failed - be it the Programmes of Action of previous LDC Conferences, or all the other global summits on education, on environment, on poverty, on health, on habitat, on women, on children and others. All the targets that came out of the Conferences and Summits were noble, and at the time we agreed on them, we believed we were all committed to play our different but complementary and coordinated roles. We failed. Was the problem the goals, the approaches, the initiatives, the role players, or their co-ordination?

Secondly, if with the help of the Report of the Panel (High-Level Panel for the Review of Progress in the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the 1990s) we believe we now know what went wrong, are we equally certain that the new approaches and initiatives we are launching here, and the roles we assign to the different actors, relevant to the solution needed to effectively deal with the previous problems; and, can they be relied upon to increase the speed of implementation to make up for lost time, and to produce the effectiveness and efficiency needed to attain that speed?

Thirdly, we need greater introspection by all the actors, especially governments, in both rich and poor countries, regarding sufficient commitment to these new approaches and initiatives. The report of the Panel has shown that lack of, or insufficient, political will is a major contributory factor to previous failures. Are we now sufficiently driven to engender the necessary political will, among all actors, to not fail again?

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