The Treaty of Versailles

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At the end of the Great War of 11, the world looked to bring peace and stability into Europe. The big five powers set to hold Germany responsible for causing the war and to pay for all damages caused. Also they wanted to make sure that Germany was never able to reach the peak it was during the Great War.

The Treaty of Versailles was a 448 article was produced holding Germany liable for all aggressions caused and held impunity until 10, a year later in Washington the nine great powers gathered to produce the Washington Naval Treaty, this was a treaty of limitations on one of their greatest assets, the capital warship.

By 14 Germany with Hitler at full control of the mighty German war machine, the treaty of Versailles was completely dead. It was designed to make Germany pay and never reach its full strength but only two decades later it was stronger than ever and the will of the German people was more determined than ever. Japan had also killed the Washington Naval treaty by increasing their warships against the quota and had many territorial gains. This was just the start of the collapse of the "New World Order"

Why had Germany risen up against the Treaty of Versailles? Germany was humiliated to the world, and the people of Germany resented the Treaty very much, they were limited in their capacity to build up a military and had to pay large reparations to other countries such as France, Britain, US and Italy. One thing was that the treaty wasn't that well done, Germany was still allowed to keep the massive gold reserve, little land was lost and still remained one of the largest nations in Europe.

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The Great depression came and swept the world like wild fire, Hitler sized this opportunity and all the problems in Germany during the Weimar Republic. Moral in Germany was low, unemployment was high and the people of Germany wanted a change. Hitler gave them that change and made the Jews the scape goat of all problems. No one paid attention of the new wave sweeping Germany as other countries were worried about their own domestic problems. Hitler set to rebuild Germany which met no resistance from other countries.

By 15, Hitler had pulled out of the League of Nations and told he will run Germany him self. The Treaty of Versailles wasn't well enforced as the US never joined it, the USSR was evolved in its own revolution and most important the US being an economic power, they never ratified the Treaty of Versailles. The US and Britain pledged to come to France's aid if ever attacked but the US never signed the treaty so the US never had any obligation to help France and with no US, Britain could not honor her part of the deal to help France.

Britain then let Germany build up her navy to 5% of the British Navy and of course Germany agreed. France felt left out of this and became wary of German actions next door. Disagreements between the great world powers let Hitler to do what he wants and in 16 he marched his army straight into the Rhineland and no opposition was met.

In August 1, the USSR joined Germany in non-aggression pact which worried Britain and France as this left Poland in very shaky grounds. Hitler marched through Poland and met the USSR half way there, France was taken in 140 and defeated in 5 days and no Britain was left alone to face the might of the Germany military.

Stalin supplied Hitler with oil until June 140 when Hitler decided to invade the USSR, most of Europe was under Hitler's control and it looked like no one could stop Germany. Japan on the other side of the world had made massive gains. A tripartite pact was signed in September 140 between Italy, Germany and Japan and agreed to set up the "New Order."

The New World Order did not entirely collapse under the force of nation sates, its own shortcomings contributed to its downfall. There were no means to rehabilitate and limit Germany potential for belligerency. Germany lost little in terms of territory, in the Versailles peace, as Germany still remained one of the larges nations in Europe. The Versailles peace was too harsh; it made no effort to rehabilitate Germany.

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Smoking

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Smoking. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Smoking paper right on time.

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The City of Winnipeg Smoking By-Law The by-law that was passed by city council in July is subject to a number of interpretations and is also subject to a variety of enforcement standards. This is a totally unfair bylaw which makes one set of rules for bars and another for restaurants with liquor licenses and yet another for unlicensed restaurants. Let's look at a number of scenarios to try to clear the muddy waters. I have an unlicensed restaurant… what can I do? OPTION 1 You can go 100 % non smoking, which is the intent of the bylaw or OPTION You can ban anyone under the age of 18 from coming in and have 100% smok- ing or you can declare any other ratio that you decide. Ie. 50 50 Problem Legal opinion says that this may be challengeable under Human Rights, but we are banning under 18 from lounges and casinos already. It is not legal to buy ciga rettes, drink or gamble under 18 and the city is saying that they shouldn't be in any area that has smoke. OPTION You can apply for a dining room and cocktail lounge license. You would make applica- tion to the Manitoba Liquor Commission to get a license for your premises. The desig- nated cocktail lounge would ban under 18 and would have smoking allowed. You would have the option of selling liquor or not. If you take this route and want to serve custom ers before 00 A.M., which is the earliest that lounges are able to open, you would need to apply for written permission from the MLCC. I am told that it should not be a problem to get this permission. Problem It is costly and time consuming to get a license and part of your establishment might have to be reconfigured to identify the cocktail lounge area. OPTION 4 Some establishments that have two clearly separated areas are going to have one area as a restricted area and have smoking in that section. Whether this is legal or not is a gray area, but when you consider the level playing field scenario you would think that it shouldn't be necessary to get a liquor license to compete on a level playing field with licensed restaurants. OPTION 5 Another "gray area" option is timed restrictions. Example You have non smoking be- tween the hours of 500 P.M. and 00 P.M. and after 00 P.M. no one under 18 is allowed to come in and smoking is allowed. I have a licensed restaurant…..what can I do? You are allowed to have smoking in your lounge as long as you do not allow anyone under 18 in that area. Some other possible problems may arise if people have to go through your smoking area to get to your washrooms or to the non smoking area. Lounges do not have to be walled off, but an effort should be made to minimize drifting of smoke. Within this area you can designate it as 100% smoking or any other ratio that you decide. If you have a lounge that borders closely on a dining room you might take reasonable steps to control drifting of smoke by declaring the area in the lounge which borders on the dining room as a non smoking area. What are the restaurants obligations under this bylaw? Your only obligations under this bylaw are to designate the areas as you are defining them and to post non smoking signs in the applicable areas. A customer smoking in a non smoking area is subject to a fine not the restaurant. The problem with this scenario is that if you do nothing about the smoker you will anger the non smoking customers around them. Your role is not one of an enforcer under the bylaw, but you are forced into this role by good business rules. Other info These rules apply only to the public areas of the restaurant. You can still have a smoking staff room. Banquet rooms….If you have a party booking a private room for a banquet which is a social event that room can have smoking and children present, but if it is for business purposes (which ironically would have adults only % of the time) must be smoke free. Hint You might consider booking business meetings followed by social events separately if the customer wants a smoking event. Enforcement This by-law comes into effect January 1, 00 and enforcement of this bylaw is being headed up by Brian Rivet (86-67) of the City of Winnipeg Environmental Health Department. This bylaw applies to all of the city, but the enforcement will be concentrated in the Greater Winnipeg area looked after by the city health department. The province has stated that it will not be adding any staff to enforce the bylaw in the other areas. Enforcement in these areas will probably be only by customer complaint. Challenging the by-law There is a possible challenge to this by-law based on the fact that the City may not have the power to pass a bylaw which has exclusions. This means that any bylaw passed would have to cover all public places, which would create a far more level playing field. This would require a court challenge which would be costly and we would have to call on our members for support in this matter. Please keep in touch with me on this issue and how it is affecting you. If you have any concerns regarding the enforcement please call. Have a great Christmas and Happy New Year. Bob Stevens, President & CEO Ph 78-55 Fax 78-0 Email bobs@mrfa.mb.ca Issue 1 December 15, 001

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Animals Should not be used for the Entertainment of Humans

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Man and animals have walked this planet Earth together for millions of years. But God made Man smarter than the other species. A race that could make up for their lack of physical strength with their incredible mental capabilities. A race that could survive in almost anywhere in the world given the necessary resources. A race that grew up to be proud and arrogant of their superiorities, such that they began to make use of the other creatures to do their bidding. To carry logs, or for ridiculous health products or as vehicles. But by far, I believe the most humiliating purpose is the usage of animals as toys for our own pleasure and entertainment. I believe animals should not be used for the entertainment of humans. My argument will prove how inhumane this act is and that it merely portrays a barbaric and uncivilized image of Mankind that Man constantly denies.

One might argue that we use animals for entertainment because of our fascination for them and that we respect them, which is why we want to show them to the society, to be awed by their beauty. But is it proper to lock them up in cages or to deny them the freedom they were meant to be born into or make them do silly, humiliating juggling acts? This, obviously, does not prove our admiration and fascination in anyway but it only shows that we wish to humiliate them as much as possible, almost as though we hate them. We use them as entertainers in circuses and at zoos where they are openly humiliated. But why should we care, the creatures won't understand this humility. Whether or not these animals do understand this humility or not, this situation can be likened to a situation where by a boy insults a deaf man right in front of him. While the deaf man may not know he is being foul-mouthed, it is more of a matter or moral integrity and being civilized. Similarly, we must act as the civilized race we claim to be.

While humility of the animals is one thing, a more serious issue is the fact that in the process of getting these animals to entertain us, we actually are harming them in a variety of ways. For example, in one occasion, animals from a Spanish circus were being transported by ship to Indonesia for a show. Apparently a container went missing and the animals in it had to endure two weeks of unbearable heat and hardly any water or food. By the time they were found, most of the animals were either dead or dying. But often, this pain is not inflicted accidentally but also on purpose. During circuses, to make tigers stand on their hind legs and walk on them, trainers sometimes burn their fore legs to prevent them from using them. Elephants are drugged and hurt by being stabbed or being electrocuted to make them more docile and to make them follow instructions without striking back. It is a complete infringement on animal rights and it is simply barbaric and cannot be allowed to go on!

Animals may be less smart than Man, but that does not give us the right to make use of them as toys to entertain us when we feel like it. If that is the case, why not we use people with mental retardation or people with mental problems to entertain us because of their lack of mental capacity. We do not do this because they are our own kind and only we have the right to do this. Similarly, who gives us the right to control the destiny of another animal not even of human race?

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Zoos have recently been seen as a place where animals can be bred and protected from the harsh world outside, but I feel the opposite is occurring. By placing them in zoos, we are removing their freedom they were born with. Instead every moment of the day, they have got people watching their every move. Furthermore, in contrary to the fact animals are kept in the zoo to breed, animals seem to breed a lot less while in captivity than when in the wild. When they are released into captivity, they cannot survive for long because all the skills of survival in their habitats have either been forgotten or not even taught in the first place. As a result, these points prove that the zoo has been quite unsuccessful in their missions.

At the end of it all, it will occur in one's mind that animals are not iven a choice in the forst place to make this their lives. They get caught when the young or when a bit older but they are not give a choice, which is unlike human entertainers, where they agree to it and perform.

As you can see in the argument I have put forward so far, the usage of animals for our entertainment is uncivilized, barbaric and inhumane. I hope that together, we as humans, can stop this childish act and understand that animals, while they not be as mentally capable, demand a certain amount of due respect.

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How to Refinish Hardwood Floors

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Refinishing hardwood floors is hard work and costly. Some people opt to hire a professional, but most of the equipment is available at your local hardware store and rental center and the steps are staightforward. Refinishing floors requires many steps.

The first step is to move your furniture to another room or outside. Then remove the existing floor. Remove anything that isnt nailed down and sweep the floor thoroughly. Remove any leftover carpet staples with diagonal pliers. Use a hammer and nailset to sink any exposed nails that may damage the abrasives or sanding machines. Leave the baseboards unless you plan to replace them. If so, use a shim behind the pry bar to avoid damaging the walls. Next, to avoid spreading dust, hang plastic covering over the doorways and place towels under the doors and over the vents. Lastly, walk the whole floor checking for squeaks, cracks, and any other repairs that should be done before sanding.

Next, you will need the necessary equipment to refinish the floors. You will need a putty knife for filling gaps and cracks. There really isnt a definitive procedure for filling cracks. Its up to the individual to decide which cracks to fill, just make sure they are filled before beginning to sand.

After filling in the cracks its time to sand the floors. Sanding is a very dusty job, you will want to wear a dust mask. Also ask for instructions and a demonstration on how to operate the equipment. First use a drum sander fit with coarse paper. Start the sander off the floor and slowly lower it onto the floor. Simutaneously walk the sander forward going with the grain of the wood, unless the floor is badly warped. In that case, sand diagonally to the wood grain. Sand from wall to wall on about one-half of the room, making a forward and backward pass. Never let the sander sit in one spot, it will make a gouge or swirl mark in seconds. Wher the drum sander cant reach, such as wall edges and corners, use a edge sander. Slowly lower it to the floor and use a left to right semi-circular motion to feather out the sanding. After the rough sanding, change to a medium grit and sand the entire floor the same way. For the final sanding us a fine grit. Vacuum the entire room, including the walls and ceilings. Avoid using a damp rag because moisture will cause the exposed wood to rise.

When the room is clean its time to select a stain. Oil-based stains are the most popular. They are reliable and available in a variety of colors, and for the time being, the better choice of stains. Water-based stains are just in the beginning stages of development. Whichever type of stain is chosen always follow the directions, note the drying times and test the stain on a scrap piece of wood before applying it to the floor. Before applying the stain, make sure you are working in a ventilated area. Because many products produce harmful vapors. Staining an entire floor goes faster with two people, one applying the stain and the other wiping off the excess. Using a rag, apply the stain, cutting in from the corners and going with the grain of the wood. Wipe off any excess and change rags often. Let the stain dry overnight and avoid walking on the floor. After the stain has dried, select your finish. There are two basic types of finishes, polyurethane and water-based urethane. Polyurethane is the most commonly used, but cures out slowly. However, it usually only takes two to three coats to get a nice finish. Water-based urethane is less toxic, but thinner and it takes three or more coats. When you have selected a finish, apply with a foam applicator. Avoid drips and thick overlaps. Start at the farthest point from the doorway and apply an even coat. Work with the wood grain in five inch sections. Let dry for twenty-four hours. Use a damp cloth to wipe away any dust and apply the final coat just like the previous one. Stay off the finish and avoid stirring up any dust while the finish cures.

After you have finished and see the results, all the hard work was well worth it. Not only does it make the whole house look better, its also a great investment.

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Separation of church and state

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Separation of Church and State is a very imperative and principle part of our political, legal, and historical heritage. A "wall of separation" between Church and State was established in the first amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America. This amendment guarantees religious freedom for all. Church and State, should, unquestionably, remain as two separate institutions that are in no way intertwined with the other.

As early as the reign of Constantine, the Emperor of the Roman Empire, the issue of Church and State was very prevalent. However, during this time, as well as previously, Church and State were connected. The emperors before Constantine were pagans and made paganism the official religion of the Roman Empire. However, Constantine prayed to the Christian God for help in a battle and ended up winning. As a result of this life-altering event, or change of heart, Constantine became the first Christian Emperor and allowed Christians to practice freely in his Empire through the Edict of Milan in 1 C.E. This precedent angered and astonished many people; however the Christians could now worship freely without having to worry about persecution.

Throughout Constantine's rule, he became involved in church matters and tried to run the church. This is because he, just like those before him, saw religion as a way of unifying all of the people under his rule.

Constantine, through his reign as Emperor, had one of the biggest effects ever on Christianity. Christianity was once powerless and poor, but at that time it became amalgamated with the biggest force known to man. As head of the Empire, Constantine was admired and looked up to by many. His role as ruler, more than likely, opened people's eyes to a religion that was once illegal and frowned upon by past emperors. As a result of the influence of Constantine, Christianity became more accepted and practiced.

Essay help on separation of church and state

Although connecting Church and State proved to be a tremendous political maneuver for the growth and proliferation of Christianity, the Church and State should stay separated. One of the main reasons for this argument is that it will attract some power hungry people to the religious profession. Also, it could cause priests that were already in the vocation to become corrupt. A priest's number one concern should be spreading the Word of God to those around him; However, he should not have to worry about what his views on a current presidential candidate, for example, should be.

Church and State should also not be connected because not all people share our belief in God or the beliefs in the basic tenets of Catholicism. This would be very unfair for those people because if these two were united, then everything going on in this country would, in some way, deal with the beliefs upheld by the Church. Also, if they were united, it would cause disunity through out our country because many people would feel aloof and separated from the country.

My personal political views are affected by my religious views. This is because I believe that it is necessary for those who run the government to share the same views as myself. Many of these views, however, are ones that are commonly up for debate by religious and political leaders.

One of these views that are highly controversial is the issue of whether those at public schools should have to say prayers during the school day. Prayers should not be said at public schools. Although, in the perfect world, it would be great if everyone could pray together at a public institution, it would be considered unconstitutional if this did occur. It would also be very biased if prayers were said in public schools because not all people that follow a religion say the same prayers as we do.

Church and State is a very complex and controversial topic. During the times of Emperor Constantine, the two institutions were connected, which proved to be a very great tactic for the growth of the Church. However, Church and State, as declared in the Constitution should stay separated.

Please note that this sample paper on separation of church and state is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on separation of church and state, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college papers on separation of church and state will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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