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How the Ethiopian Crisis affected the L-O-N.
Mussolini wanted rich fertile land; wealthy minerals revenge and to build up his countries over seas empire.
Mussolini attacked Ethiopia knowing that the League would not put forward sanctions against him.
Lack of effectiveness by the sanctions set on Japan encouraged Mussolini to invade Abyssinia.
Custom writing offers papers on How the Ethiopian Crisis affected the league of nations.
Ethiopia was set in between two Italian colonies where he could amass force.
Ethiopia was poor and militarily week.
Mussolini tricked the L-O-N into thinking he was trying to settle the dispute; however he was actually preparing a full-scale attack on Haile Selassie's country.
Britain and France, the leading European countries in charge of the League were afraid of offending Mussolini by placing sanctions against him.
Italy was seen as one of the strongest allies Britain and France had against Germany.
The Stresa Pact had been signed in 1935; Mussolini may have thought that Britain and France would turn a blind eye against him if he invaded the inferior African country.
The Hoare-Laval plan was brought into action on the 4th September 1935.
This plan was to give Mussolini and Italy 2/3's of Abyssinia.
However the British Foreign Minister Hoare, was forced to resign as soon as these secret plans became public.
From somewhere, the League of Nations was being undermined from within its members.
Mussolini rejected these plans; and so in October 1935 he and his army invaded Ethiopia on a full-scale attack.
Mussolini became a bully, he invaded a helpless country which fought with spears and 18th Century rifles; no match for a 20th Century army.
This time round, the league was ideally placed to impose sanctions.
Loans, Italian imports (rubber tin and metals) and exports, arms dealing were all immediately banned.
However, the power in the Italian engine was discussed in great detail. The import of oil to the Italian army was not banned as the League thought that if this had been carried out, the decision would have been un-favourable with America.
The cabinet put in place to decide the bans was worried that their own economic interests would be harmed by this ban.
The cabinet was also informed that if exports to Italy involving coal were to be banned, then 30,000 British coal miners would lose their jobs.
A quick resolution to stop the Abyssinian crisis would have been to block off the Suez Canal, which was open to the Italian army.
However the problem with this sanction was that relations with Italy would have been in tatters. Britain and France did not want a war with Italy, as she was a strong ally.
Problems within the League could only get worse. Rise Chancellor Adolf Hitler.
Hitler marched his troops into the Rhineland on the 7th March 1936, a prohibited act against the Treaty of Versailles (Paris Peace Settlement).
Hopes of France backing the sanctions proposed against Italy were now all but over.
The French Government and army were desperate for the support of Italy. They were prepared to give into Mussolini over Abyssinia.
Surprisingly to many the British and French officials believed their handling over the Ethiopian Crisis would strengthen their stand against Hitler.
However in November 1936, the Italians and Germans signed the Rome-Berlin axis, an agreement between Mussolini and Hitler.
Italy became oblivious to the Leagues orders and sanctions.
Mussolini, in May 1936 took Addis Abada (Ethiopian capital).
By 9th May 1936 the Italian hot head had annexed the entire country.
Haile Selassie resigned and fled the country.
The league watched on helpless to the pleas for help.
Conclusion- Collective security had been shown up as an empty promise, it lacked depth and the League had failed again. Would an army have helped the league? The League of Nations once again proved that it was out of its depth in trying to deal with bigger nations. By cutting off the Suez Canal much trouble and loss of life would have been saved.
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