"An eye for an eye makes the world go blind"

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"An eye for an eye makes the world go blind." Discuss in relevance to recent events.

Two guys were always engaged in bitter rivalry. The cause for this rivalry a girl. Both these guys fought against one another to get the eventually the luckier one won her heart. But the ill fortuned one didn't give up. He mind started working as crookedly as it could. He thought of a devious scheme to dispose of his foe. He had a grandly sinister plan. One day, he set out to accomplish his plan.

The next day morning, the entire media was buzzing. The news of a person being murdered was always a cause for publicity. The murdered, not surprisingly was the lucky man. Forensic examinations revealed that he had been poisoned. All evidence pointed towards the ill fortuned man. His motive was extremely conspicuous. He was trialed, found to be guilty, and was sentenced to capital punishment. The only one left in tears was the girl.

Such is the tragic end to any story beleaguered with revenge and malice. Nor do people learn from such stories. In this context also pertinent is the saying "An eye for an eye makes the world go blind." I pluck your one eye out and in retaliation you gouge one of mine out. I go for the second round of fire and pull out your last eye. You, overwhelmed with fury, and remove my last eye. The end result two blind people. I fear that that is only the surface meaning of a metaphorical quote which has so much to teach us.

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If one might remember, the infamous quote mentioned above was said by the venerable Mahatma Gandhi when he saw the atrocities committed during the partition in 147. India was divided into India and Pakistan based Muslims and Hindus (The people belonging to these religions can be seen as an allusion to the 'two eyes'). The Muslims would take part in incursions into Hindu territory and cause disruption and the Hindus would also do likewise. Riots were frequent and many families were left distraught. (The families insinuate blindness).

This question over the relevance of this quote can to be seen as one of optimum importance. Not that there is an escalated level of people quibbling over one another because of jealousy and malice. One can look at the quote at two levels. One is the personal level of which I have given an example earlier on. The second is at an international level. What appeals to me and is more pertinent in today's current affairs of the world is the latter.

"An eye for an eye makes the world go blind." In today's world nothing is stable. Erratic economy is but one thing. People's corrupt mind work in perverted ways to terrorize or to reach pinnacles of power. And then there are the other few who wish to eliminate such evil. Even the superpowers such as US and Britain fail to recognize the evocative nature of Mahatma Gandhi's quote. Not only them but also do the vast counties under dictatorship. Countries fight for material procession and also for land. Two classic examples that have arisen in the past and which still present a plethora of issues are worth noting.

One of them is undoubtedly the US War in Iraq. Mr. Bush had clearly stated that his intentions for waging a war in Iraq were to root out the Baath party and to bring an end to Saddam Hussein's regime. Also, he had a strong feeling that Iraq had alleged links with the Al Qaeda terrorist group. He had also received intelligence that Iraq was responsible for the production of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). He has also received British intelligence that Iraq solicited for significant amounts of Uranium from the countries in Africa to advance with its nuclear program. However, deeper to these reasons, one can not also dismiss the fact that this war was about petroleum and that Mr. George W. Bush was making attempts in securing and completing what his father set out to do ten years ago. So, Mr. Bush Junior amassed all the military power he could and attacked Iraq to oust the dictatorship and crush any insurgents. Alas! Mr. Bush has not yet succeeded. With the recent evidence showing that Iraq had no connection with any African country over the sale of Uranium, one begins to wonder whether Mr. Bush falsified statements to swing in his favor. Cynics and detractors can also draw fresh ammunition from the fact that no trace of a single WMD has been found in Iraq. What's worse? Polls recently revealed that Americans trusted pop start Eminen's lyrics more than Mr.Bush's words. Doesn't this all hint that the real intention is to usurp the oil supplies in Iraq? The peace keeping processes could be but an excuse not to draw to much attention.

And intention it might be, but Mr. Bush is no where near to getting his hands on it. With the war declared officially over nearly months, coalition troops were optimistic about a return back home. But no. As each day unfurls attacks on the coalition keep mounting as does the death toll. Also, the cost for the war which was estimated by secretary of defense, Mr. Donald Rumsfeld, earlier at billion per month has now totally . billion. The tables have been turned around and now Mr. Bush now finds the odds on him. He pulled an eye out and is having one of his pulled out now. More worrying for him is that the general elections are to be held next year and the question of whether the choice of going to war was a right one will erupt time and again. The repercussions of this war on Mr. Bush has still not reached its zenith but is slowly becoming more conspicuous. No evidence still remains as to whether Saddam Hussein is alive or not but from what we might believe he might be having a hearty laugh at Mr. Bush. "War never has positive Outcomes". Also "An eye for an eye makes the world go blind." Mr. Bush has experienced the sincerity of this quote. Hopefully he has learnt a lesson and will be sensible enough in not waging a war with North Korea.

A better example and one which will match all the criteria for the quote is the ongoing violence between Israel and Palestine. And this heated violence is not new to anyone. For over five decades, the Palestinians have fought to reclaim back what is rightly theirs. The history goes back to a period around 150 when Israel was proclaimed as its own country by the Jews, mainly because they felt that they were being oppressed by the Westerners. Because there were Palestinians and Israelis living in the same area and because they were of different religions but were still of Arab descent problems arose. The Palestinians were driven out the country and were compelled to live as refugees. Hence, the PLO was formed with its main aim being the destruction of Israel and the regaining of the land that was rightfully theirs. Over half a century has passed and we are still far away from restoring peace within both communities. Headlines such as "BOY KILLED IN SUICIDE BLAST" or "THREE KILLED IN WEST BANK THREATS POSED TO SIGNING OF NEW PEACE TREATY" have become customary but still cause great concern. Many eyes are being pulled and the world is gradually going blind.

When the situation become so dire, one can not just rely on peace keepers (like Mahatma Gandhi) to bring about stability. When people contemplate about the quote and achieve a sense of self realization and remove feelings of vengeance and malice from their minds, only then we will see an end to such atrocities. I wonder when I will see that day and when I can feel assured that I am in a fully secure environment.

 

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King Lear

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King Lear

Character----1962 Peter Brooke

oScript possessed characters that embodied a state of 'moral neutrality.' Forced the audience to make judgements themselves about the characters. Eg- Brooke's Lear earns his doom, therefore, does the audience pity, nod to his punishment, both?

oDisplay of minimal vision. Portrayal King Lear as a tragedy of the grotesque with an emphasis on minimalistic traits as a basis for his vision eg. Bare stage, two moveable white flats.

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oEmphasised Lear's tyranny and obsession with power, and also highlighted the similarity between his behaviour and that of Goneril and Regan.

oCharacterisation, also emphasised by the lack of symbols, staging and costumes.

oSome critics say; by emphasising the grandeur of each characters traits and characterisation and diminishing all other theatrical devices "this turned the play into a bleak vision of negation."

Chaos and Barbarity----1908 Max Reinhardt.

oWanted a "stark look in high relief to underline the violence and cruelty of the script."

oHe intended to achieve an outlet to show what he perceived as severity, cruelty and violence not only within the narrative of the play but also within the subtext- using symbols and representational material. Eg- the use of the black and white geometrical patters seen in the stimulus material. It captures the insanity and delusion shown by Lear in a symbolic state, which strongly represents his mental decline throughout the play.

oChose to explore the play from an angle of barbarity and severity.

oPanels; contrasting and clashing lines creating unrest, a feeling of anarchy.

oProduction that accents minimalist symbols. The stage was used as a signifier of emptiness, suggests a world of constant decomposition, the stage plateau itself eventually disintegrating, as if it had eroded.

oEmphasised the chaos and barbarity of King Lear through a violent mixture of patterned panels of cloth.

oLife is meaningless and random, without pattern or design.

oThe throne, placed upon a raised dais, was white, signalling that Lear's power at the beginning of the play was a force of good that was lost or abandoned as the play progressed.

oDisruption of order; Lear divides his kingdom in two- an unnatural act that unbalances the assumed hierarchy.

oEmphasis on destruction or decomposition of order. The natural order in this context was masculine power, and the destruction of order brought about throught female insubordination.

Political--------1981 Imre Csiszar

oUsed his set to signify a decaying factory with Lear, and industrial despot whose narrative inflicted state of madness and insanity. Lear's transition of descent from his state of power to a self-pitying industrial outcast.

oUsed the symbolic effect of a freight train that would screech on stage and crash down stage barriers, which represented n apocalyptic effect that was reinforced by the apocalypse within the play itself.

oPolitical theme. Production is a political parable about authority in Eastern Europe in the 80's. Decaying of the building, not only mirroring the decay of Lear and his kingdom, but also the decay in Eastrn Europe.

Feminist Portrayal

oA family that has succumbed to chaos and anarchy, basically because of the rise of the women within it. Elizabethan's had a great belief that the family revolved around the patriarchal dominance. The father was the head of the household, an das long as that stayed the case everything would be just fine. Goneril and Regan gained power……..anarchy reigned. They challenge the traditional 'power of men', celebrating their roles as women. They are very sezually powerful beings, and because of this they dominate their husbands. Their downfall is that they let themselves become infatuated by a 'man', it is their weakness. From a feminist point of view, it can even be seen as a warning to women about what will happen if we let men dominate our lives.

Family Drama

oLear as a mirror for the universal relationship between parent and child. Goneril and Regan as women who have led an unjust and abused childhood under a tyrannous father, who had always made it obvious that Cordelia was his favourite. Shakespeare himself shows them to be human, not just acting from unjustifiably evil personalities.

oHighlights the universal difficulties in understanding between the younger and older generations.

oGoneril and Regan; despite their love for their father, cannot continue living the life he wants for them, and must take a stand. Lear makes this harder than formal for them to do, which is why they end up doing the unforgivable things they do.

oStruggle between parent and child; in relation to that parent growing old and losing his or her mind. Parent must deal with the loss of independence, and the child must deal with the new dependence that the parent now has on them. Lear resents his children, in reaction to his loss of independence and power. Goneril and Regan therefore, are just in their treatment of Lear in the Beginning of the play, as to them he appears to be a difficult old man.

Changing Self----Ben Winspear

oPlay as an exploration of self, and how that self changes in the ever-changing harsh world that that we are surrounded by. The production also explores how….to deal with that world we.. take on roles, wear masks that we either create ourselves, or that have been created by others. Eg- Edgar transforms himself into a beggar, to hide from death. Lear himself disappears into his own madness, as if hiding from his own bad decisions and judgements. Goneril an Regan hide behind masks, masks of fake love for their father, and fake love for each other.

How do I see Lear?

From a feminist point of view.

Main focus is on Goneril and Regan…forward thinking, gain power by using their sexuality and brains. They celebrate their roles as women.

King Lear, he is very Elizabethan in his role. Has a great belief that the family revolves around the patriarchal dominance.

Regan and Goneril challence the traditional role of men and women.

Regan and Goneril- to represent the idea that unless you stand up, play the game, etc…. you will not gain anything. Nod and smile, until you get the power, then use it.

Act 1, Scene 1

Woman holding up the fort, getting no credit for it…………………..

Goneril and Regan, enter the court, supporting King Lear. Cordelia dutifully remaining a few steps behind. Cordelia was treated the way she was because she didn't understand the power, didn't understand the game. Goneril and Regan, their posture tall, proud. Head up. Look everyone in the eye. Look at the men present as an equal. Cordelia, eyes downcast, submissive, small steps. Wringing her hands. Hate confrontation.

Camera angles, positioning of people, backdrop,

Quotes

Lines 1-20 take out.

"Goneril, our (pause) eldest born, speak first."

Goneril and Regan exchange a glance.

"What sais our second daughter, wife of Cornwall."

'dearest' left out, despite their good qualities that he has not taken the time to find out, they are nothing to him. Stress on 'Cornwall'…indicates women are second to their husbands.

"Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave my heart into my mouth."….has never had to do anything to fight for her position. Just be meek and mild, obey, she gets what she wants. Too young to realise the game. Leave out the rest of her lines till Lear speaks again.

"But goes thy heart with this?"

"Ay, my good lord."

Lines 246-250 take out. (they show Cordelia with feminist virtues, not how I want her character.)

Goneril; "Let your study be to content your lord."- take out.

"We must do something, and I'th' heat." Music…..uplifting. Regan and Goneril both smiling, veils off their faces. Nearing the end of their suffering and suppression.

Richard Eyre. (red version)

Similarities

oUse of colour to show meaning. Flowers (feminism), Red (emotion)

oCordelia is not shown to be arrogant

oKing exorcises his command.

Differences

oCordelia not confident to speak her mind

oLear is shown to be petulant, little kid.

oCut out lines 1-20.

Michael Elliot

Similarities

oStraight to the entering of the King.

Differences

oSet in obvious time period of the stone age, with swords.

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Locomotion: Structure related to function

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Biology

Structure is related to function

Name Brodie Kenyon

Teacher Mrs. Firth

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Due Date 4th March

Table of Contents

Page 1 - Title Page

Page - Table of Contents

Page - Sketching Toad

Page 4 - Fish

Page 5 - Bird

Page 6 - Cat

Page 7 - Lizard

Page 8 - Dog

Page - Introduction

Page - Adaptations of Skeletal Structure

Page - Class locomotion Compare and Contrast

Page 1 - Conclusion

Page 14 - Bibliography

Adaptations of Skeletal Structure

Skeletal structure differs for the locomotion of all species. Locomotion refers to the movement of an animal from one place to another4, many reasons for locomotion include searching for food, escape from predators, find a mate or in search for better living conditions. Many modes of locomotion include burrowing to swimming into large depths of water or from air to water and vice versa. All forms of locomotion require exertions of energy and force on their surrounding environment, using both muscular and non-muscular movements. Adaptations in joints and bone structure enable each species to migrate from positions in any way that they need to.

Joints and structure adaptations in class Aves (bird) are important for their locomotion. Birds are well adapted and suited for aerial mode of life that their whole organization and body structure is based on this mechanism. Since flight imposes a large surface weight ratio, birds are commonly small compared to other mammals. This short body creates less surface area for gravity to pull them down to surface. Birds bodies are small and have large amount of feathers upon its body, which are used for heat insulation and flight. There are different kinds of feathers on different parts of the body, meant for different functions. The alteration of forelimb to wing is the most important adaptation to flight. There are two free carpals; and the rest of the wrist is made of three metacarpals, the rather large pectoral muscles, making a larger part of the weight of the body produces the active movements of aerial locomotion. The muscle in the arm itself serves to extend the whole wing and to change the positions of the parts which assist with the aerodynamics and powered flight of the bird. The larger the bird, the more force which needs to be generated to maintain its flight pattern which is why most birds are short, light skeletal structural adaptations and aerodynamic posture. Gliding flight is economical in energetic terms as to powerful flapping flight. Aerofoil is also used to generate lift in all type of flight the size and shape of the orientation of the aerofoil determines the flight performance.

Most characteristic adaptations occur in the skeleton. Bones are light, and most of the birds have extensions of the air sacs. Sternum contains a large keel for the connection of muscles, the final tail vertebrae is merged. By the presence of the keel, with its muscles, the centre of gravity is below the centre of pressure, giving great stability. The joints of the vertebral column are compacted so that there is only movement in the cervical region. Limbs and girdles are also altered and great fusion of bones takes place. The neck is stretched and highly mobile. The trunk is plump, boat-shaped and is the larger part of the body. They have two pairs of limbs which are against the trunk when the animal is not flying. As shown in fig 1 each wing shows three typical divisions as do most animals upper arm, forearm and hand.

The shape of the wings and evolution of the muscles depend on the type of the flight that they wish to endure. The hind limbs are placed in a position that they can carry the entire body weight when they are on the ground.

Class Mammalian involves a less technical procedure for locomotion throughout their environment. Mammals are vertebrates by definition, this means that all mammals have an internal bony support structure to which muscles and ligaments are attached4. With basic joint and bone structure enables basic movement against the force of gravity. With mammals travelling on the surface of Earth a majority of the weight is transferred directly onto the surface. The main structure of the locomotion for mammals is the pelvic girdle. With both limbs departing from this structure, it becomes valuable for the precise movement of both limbs. Mammals consist of a head at one end of a vertebral column from which extend ribs to support the working organs and four limbs for locomotion. The vertebral column ends in a tail but the huge range of lifestyles and habitats utilised by mammals means that a great deal of variety exists between different groups. Some species lack a tail, others lack apparent hind limbs and the skull is very variable7. The skull in early stages consists of a very cartilagous structure, containing minimal bone, but as the body develops so does the bone structure throughout the body.

Amphibian locomotion differs as they are in both water and land, the skeleton design is highly specialised. Amphibians contain short, barely flexible vertebral column. Particularly the toad contains an unusual wishbone shaped pelvic girdle. The hind limb, proximal pair of ankle bones are separate and elongated5. Therefore different amphibian species migrate in varied ways. The main action for locomotion is the bending of the elbow1. The toad transfers positions using mainly strong, flexibly hind limbs, with a great outreach and forceful propulsion on the surface. With great movement in all pelvis region, knees and especially ankle region shows that they are able to conduct swimming locomotion as well as land.

Class Osteichthyes (Fish) skeletal structure differs throughout their species and are present in many varying forms all over the world. The main difference between shapes of individual species would firstly concern the need for them to travel through a resistant fluid with varying densities, pressures and drags. With a combination of these problems each species has developed, sometimes radically, different body profiles, many have developed torpedo shaped bodies to counteract the drag and glide through the water5. The caudal fin is probably the most important attachment used for acceleration as it whips through the water generating acceleration throughout their environment. Sideways curvature in the spine moves in a posterior direction to ensure basic direction and adaptation to their swimming environment. The swimming procedure starts with lateral displacement of head, and then passage of this displacement along the body axis to the tail1, similar to peristalsis motion to force the structure through using energy powering force. This Eel-like swimming characteristic is more energy efficient than power stroking using fins.

The lizard (Reptilia) is evolved from the class amphibian. With very fast rear limb movements, requires the lizard to have full mobility at the knees8. These very fast land animals have a basic locomotive structure. When the travel they also use the wave like motion similar to a fish, which enables them to be aerodynamic and not exert as much energy to move. With a lateral flexible spine allows side movement similar to the fish. They contain fine bones underneath the mandible so when they flare the frill neck is at a constant output8. Locomotion is common with these animals so adaptations are similar with all species.

The dog (Canis familiaris) and the cat (Felis silvestris) are both mammals, but even though they seem so similar there are varying differences in locomotion structure and skeleton structure. The movements in the neck are slightly limited to the dog when compared to the cat. Many differences which can be identified are that cats have a more curved and flexible spine. The have a longer tail and typically smaller animal. The body structures are typically the same, only differs slightly in the limb structure. Cats are particularly flexible; this is due to the structure of their body. Cats have 0 spinal vertebrae which extends all the way to the tip of the tail. This is 5 more than is found in humans, also Scapulae (shoulder bones) which are attached to the sides of the body by muscle, pliable discs of the bone-like substance fibrocartilage, a small floating clavicle attached to the body by muscle and strong hind legs which are longer than the forelegs, this enables them to jump long distances and climb vertical structures.

Locomotion is important in all species whether its for food or defensive actions, Skeletal structure is important to ensure locomotion is accurate in direct and prevent injuries. Basically skeletal structure is the bony section of the body and holds everything together. Without locomotion and moving parts, species would be still and not able to move. Skeletal structure even helps stimulate breathing by putting pressure on the lungs. Locomotion is important in everyday life for interaction feeding and daily habits. The design of locomotive structure determines the energy exertion amount and preserves energy for other activities. Finally adaptations in joints and bone structure enables each specific species to migrate from positions in any way they require to and live as modern day vertebrates.

1.Alexander, R. McN. "Size, speed, and buoyancy adaptations in aquatic animals". Am. Zool. 0 (18)

.Brown, R. H. J. (16). "The flight of birds". Biol. Rev. 8

.Cambell, Mitchell and Reece "Biology Concepts & Connections, nd Edition" Addison Wesley Lonmgman Inc. (17), Lisa Moller

4.Knox, Ladgies, Evans and Saint "Biology nd Edition" McGraw-Hill Companies (001) Australia, NSW

5.M.J Lighthill "Hydromechanics of Aquatic Animal Propulsion" Ann. Rev Fluid. Mech. Vol 1 (16)

6.http//www.boneroom.com/bone/animalskel.html 5/0/0

7.http//www.ece.eps.hw.ac.uk/Research/oceans/people/Michael_Sfakiotakis/IEEEJOE_.pdf (1) 1/0/0

8.http//www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/reptiles/lizard/Lizardprintout.shtml (00) 0/0/0

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Magic Realism in Eva Luna

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Magic realism is a description of a certain sub genre that combines realism with fantastic and dreamlike elements. This term may be thought as a paradox- magic is not real- but such novels do not create a new world such as fantasy novels do, but suggest that the world is filled with secrets. These magical elements are not questioned and are simply apart of that reality. The mysterious, the beautiful and the amazing are expressed as magical, and perhaps are magical to the human perception of the world. Magic realism and its associated elements and techniques are displayed in Isabel Allendes novel Eva Luna. This novel displays realism alongside magical components that are seen as normal to the characters. It experiments with plot and style, and blurs traditional reactions to subjects. Materials from fairytale-like stories are used, political/social subjects are explored, time is represented as circular, and the paradox of the union of opposites is explored. All these characteristics of magic realism prove Eva Luna to be magic realist literature.

Magic realism uses sharply etched realism in representing ordinary events and descriptive details, according to Abrams Glossary of Literary Terms, and such a feature is displayed in this novel. Realism is where things are portrayed as they actually are, without idealisation, and this can blur the lines between good and bad. They paid little attention to Consuelo, who was growing up scorched by the sun, poorly nourished on yucca and fish, infested with parasites, bitten by mosquitoes, free as a bird. In an ideal world, she would have been clean and healthy, but is portrayed more realistically as dirty and unhealthy, yet still happy and free. A more powerful example of realism in the text is where the new, seemingly true love between Eva and Rolf doesn't last. …we loved each other more modestly until that love wore thin and nothing was left but shreds. It shows a painfully more real ending that most relationships dont last. This feature is expressed throughout the novel, proving the realism part of magic realism.

Magic realism involves the inclusion of fantastic and dreamlike elements in an otherwise realistic plot and setting, and this is found in Eva Luna. It clings to reality, but express the magic in that reality.

When she talked about the past, or told her stories, the room filled with light; the walls dissolved to reveal incredible landscapes, palaces crowded with unimaginable objects, faraway countries… She reduced me [Eva] to the size of an ant so I could experience the universe form that smallness; she gave me wings to see it from the heavens.

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The fantastic elements have an escapism effect, where you are taken to a new world with new rules and amazing features, but these elements stay close to reality. Consuelo simply tells stories that are transformed into breathtaking adventures through the imagination, but interpreting it on such a level is not necessary- we feel like Eva actually does travel across landscapes and is transformed into animals. This is perhaps the most obvious clue that this novel is magic realism.

The magic is part of the atmosphere of the setting in magic realist novels, and is an important aspect of it. The setting for the beginning of Eva Luna is a missionary surrounded by tropical jungle. It is a real setting, but a magical dimension is added to it. …on piles driven into the mud of a river of opalescent waters whose banks evaporated in the reverberating light. The dwellings seemed to drift amid silent canoes, garbage, carcasses of dogs and rats, and inexplicable white blossoms. Evocative words like opalescent and reverberating light create the image of sunlight sparkling on top of clear water, reflecting everywhere. It is a fantastic and amazing scene that could be described as magical. The second sentence adds a different atmosphere, describing garbage and carcasses, but strangely there are beautiful flowers growing amidst this. Beautiful life is able to prosper in filth, expressing the magic in reality. The use of setting in this novel portrays it as magic realism.

The magical elements in magic realist novels are never found to be strange by the characters, they are simply apart of the world, and this is true for Eva Luna. Magic realism aims to show something common or daily in something unreal or strange.

…and the Palace of the Poor, which for thirty seconds materialised like a hallucination at one side of the road…; Someone [had] ordered the guardia to remove the interlopers, with firearms if necessary, but the officials became lost along the way. They could not evict the occupants because the palace and everything inside had become invisible to the human eye; it had entered another dimension where life continued without aggravation.

The Palace of the Poor is casually described as a building that appears and disappears, that it becomes invisible and enters another dimension. These strange, magical elements do not surprise the inhabitants of this world, they are simply there. This proves that this novel can be described as magic realism.

Magic realist novels violate, in various ways, standard novelistic expectations by experimenting with narrative elements and styles of writing, as is done in Eva Luna. The novels plot wonders, going everywhere without a set central conflict and meaning like most novels. There is no main problem, but many that are resolved one after the other. It is more like a journey, containing many highlights and lessons, closer to a fictionalised autobiography than a novel. This experimentation with style and plot is typical of magic realist literature, demonstrating that Eva Luna can be classified under this sub genre.

Magic realist literature can blur traditional distinctions between what is serious or trivial, horrible or ludicrous, tragic or comic, and Allende does this in Eva Luna. One such example is Elviras coffin. She feared a paupers death, that her bones would be tossed into a common grave, and to avoid posthumous humiliation she had bought a coffin on credit, which she kept in her room. Allende uses assonance, describing posthumous humiliation to add humour into a usually serious topic. The idea of keeping ones coffin in the bedroom is very eccentric, blurring the distinction between the serious and humorous. Displaying this feature proves Eva Luna as magic realism.

Texts with magic realism also contain materials derived from myth and fairy tales, and such material is shown in Eva Luna. At the beginning of the novel a quotation from A Thousand and One Tales of the Arabian Nights is cited Then he said to Scheherazade Sister, for the sake of Allah, tell us a story that will help pass the night…. Scheherazade tells a cruel king stories to entertain and distract him from killing in vengeance of his wifes adultery, and succeeds in doing so for a thousand and one nights. This relates to Eva Lunas ability to tell stories. She tells Rolf a story of his past, where all his pains were changed into happiness. By giving Rolf a new life, reshaped to remove his terrible childhood, he is transformed much like the king in A Thousand and One Tales. By containing material from a tale, Eva Luna is further established to be magic realism.

Politics, revolution and social changes are often explored in these novels, and are sometimes used to make political statements. The many descriptions of the political turmoil in Chile are obvious examples of this. The tribal chieftain - motivated to cooperate after the Army had swept through her village leaving a swath of burning huts, gutted animals, and raped girls - had agreed to take the men [guerillas] across the river and lead them through the jungle. Allende describes the cruel and evil actions of the army, positioning the reader to feel anger against the government and righteousness in the guerilla movement. By exploring politics and revolution, her novel fulfils a trend of magic realist literature.

Time is a common subject, which is frequently displayed as cyclical instead of linear, in magic realist novels such as Eva Luna. Characters that Eva meet earlier on in the novel return again near the end. Elvira, Huberto and Melesio/Mimi reappear in such a manner, suggesting the circular, repetitive nature of time. She revisits Riad Halabi after many years of leaving her father figure/lover. He was exactly as I remembered him, not a minute older… I saw a girl [his wife] who was probably no more than fourteen… this man had rejected me because I was too young. Even events for Riad have been re-occurring, now with another young lover. Eva Luna can be defined as magic realism because of this display of circular time.

Magic realism also concentrates on the paradox of the union of opposites, and in Eva Luna the opposites mainly referred to are life and death. This also relates to time travelling in circles, life and death being a continuous cycle. Once such example is when Eva is conceived when her father was about to die. …soon he tumbled her over and embraced her with the urgency dictated by the proximity of death… And that is how I was conceived, on my fathers deathbed. The close relationship between life and death is examined, as when death comes, it is necessary for us to reproduce and achieve a form of immortality. Another union of these two opposites is when Elvira is saved by her coffin, using it as a raft during a flood. Imagine…all that sleeping in the box so that when death came for me, Id be ready, and then what came for me was life.… The coffin had saved her life. The paradox of being saved by an object that signifies death is obvious. By displaying this feature of magic realism, Eva Luna is proved to be described as such.

Eva Luna displays all the basic elements and trends of magical realism. Sharp realism is shown, portraying things, such as relationships, as they actually are without idealisation. Fantastic and dreamlike elements, entwined with a real setting, are seen as normal to the characters. The novel violates standard novelistic expectations with its wondering plot and autobiographical format. Allende blurs traditional distinctions of what is serious or humorous with Elviras eccentricities. Materials from tales are used and related to, politics, revolutions and social changes are explored, and time is shown as circular. Finally Allende concentrates on the paradox of the union of death and life, binary opposites, fulfilling all magic realist novel expectations and proving that Eva Luna can indeed be described as magic realism.

Please note that this sample paper on Magic Realism in Eva Luna is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Magic Realism in Eva Luna, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Magic Realism in Eva Luna will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior.

If you order your paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements.Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. , therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. paper at affordable prices with Online writing services offer help on The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. !Antigone "There is no shame in honoring my brother." Antigone's passionate spirit stands strong for her brother, as she defies Creon's law. Antigone conveys to us that she holds a high respect for her family. The tragedy Antigone by Sophocles, consists of the power that conventions hold within society and how they dictate individuals behaviors. Through honor and authority of Creon, the voice of women in society and disobedience succumbing to death we are taught of these dictations. The voice of authority in Antigone is the voice of Creon. Through Creon's arrogant self-assured character we are shown he is a very dominating man who holds much power. Unlike any other King, Creon is a man who can't bare traitors and people disobeying his high rulings. He believes he is a King willing to seek advice and listen to people, but in reality loves the sound of his own voice. An honorable man and society respects him and his laws. "If we transgress the laws and defy our King?" People are scarred of him and the consequences of disobeying his laws. His mark of authority is so strong that only one person in society is strong enough to question him and that is Antigone. Ismene will question Antigone's acts as a result of her litigious character. Antigone was strong enough to defy Creon's law and honor her brother's death, regardless of this situation she still disobeyed the King. "But authority cannot afford to connive at disobedience." How can we acknowledge Antigone's acts if she disobeyed the King and went against the law? How could we support Antigone if her only defense is that she wanted to honor her brother by burying him? Would we be politically correct in saying that because Antigone is so proud and driven by determination, it was her obligation to defy the law? Although Antigone did defy this law of the land, she was driven by her feelings no matter what the outcome would consequent to her. Her obligation was to bury her brother and defy this authority and as a result she was punished with death. Antigone is proud and has a high respect for her family. She will never question her beliefs because they are always from the heart. "Is he not my brother and yours?" Antigone has to question where Ismene stands in the situation. If she will go against her litigious character and bury her brother with Antigone. Ismene could never defy the law, not even for her own brother. Antigone is outraged by this and believes that family is stronger than anything is. This could possibly support the tragic history throughout Antigone's family. "I love no friend whose love is only words." When judgement day arrived for Antigone Ismene wished to die with her. Possibly because she wanted to be with Antigone or because she felt she committed some act against Creon. Antigone stood strong and believed that peoples actions will always speak louder than words. "To lie beside a brother whom I love." There is nothing that could fulfill her more than to die with her brother. This would ultimately be the greatest feeling. We ask ourselves almost if she is doing this because she wants to die? But we know that she isn't. Although nothing could fulfill her more than this, she is determined to prove her point to Creon, that everyone should be entitled to a burial regardless of the situation. Antigone's pride of her family will always rule. No matter what the consequence is Antigone will go to all lengths to fulfill her determination.

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Women in society are to be locked up indoors. This tradition lived in Ancient Greece where the authority of male domination was the only voice. This was the technique used to control the gender power. "We'll have no women's laws here." Creon expressed that he didn't want to hear what Antigone had to say. With women he did not care on how they felt about his rulings and how he achieved them. One voice was heard and his only. He was sexist in stating his beliefs on women, when he hadn't even listened to what Antigone had to say. "A woman better be beaten by a man," If the women won't listen to the men they will use other alternatives to make them listen. They were undermined into believing that men had more power.

They lead them into believing why should we have say in anything for we are only women? This frustrated Antigone and here could also possibly lie her determination. Antigone is rebellious and where she is told not to do something, if she believes in it, she will pursue it. "Than let a woman get the better of us." Creon in his mind believes that to listen to women is wrong and for women to gain power would be for women to get the better of them. Women of this society are more vulnerable and this adds as an additional benefit in Creon's power. One woman was only strong enough to break the law. If Antigone didn't do so, would a woman's voice in society ever be heard? Death is a key aspect in the play. Death is always a deterrent or an act of punishment. In Antigone's case death was the law. If the law were broken anyone who broke it would be sentenced to death. "There is no punishment that can rob me of my honorable death." Because Antigone was driven by determination she didn't think twice on what the outcome resulted in. There could never be a punishment that could rob her of any honor. "If I die for it, what happiness!" What Antigone believed to be doing was morally correct. If she died committing an act of crime against the law, which she believed in she would be happy. She would have died with no regrets. Although death was no deterrent did Antigone want to die? Death didn't seem like such a big deal for Antigone. Although Antigone is a strong noble character she falters in her final words. She expresses that she has never married and will never marry and all the things she will miss out on. She got herself convicted of disobeying the law; she must now carry this deed with her. Antigone just couldn't finally accept this in her pride. Death was no deterrent for anybody to strongly express themselves against Creon's words. Although he held a high authority he didn't really act in a positive judgement and this is what clouded him and robbed him of his own death. Through the dictations of society's conventions we are lead to believe that these have a strong act on peoples behavior. These conventions influence people and their judgment. In Creon's case, this clouded his rulings. Creon's Authority got the better of him in the end. He was so besotted by his own power he didn't take into consideration what would happen as a result of Antigone's death. "My hands have done amiss, my head is bowed." Creon realized his misjudgment when he was punished with death as no other option. The power of his hands and authority have done wrong, he is ashamed.

jealousy with Gene as Gene does with Finny. He never thinks of their relationship as a competition, but Gene still feels overshadowed and controlled. The inner war that Gene holds with Finny is what ultimately leads to Finny's crippling and death. Before the accident Finny asks Gene to come watch Leper jump out of the tree for the Super Suicide Society. Gene feels that Finny is trying to intentionally make him do poorly in his classes. Gene tells Finny that if he goes it will ruin his grades. Finny is honest and says he never knew that Gene had to study to get good grades. Gene realizes that Finny had made a parallel between his athletics and Gene's studies; Finny thought that Gene's knowledge simply came to him. All at once Gene's rationalization of Finny is destroyed, understanding that he and Finny are not really alike at all. Finny is a good person free of envy and Gene is inferior. Gene feels once again, insignificant and secondary, and releases his frustration by pushing Finny out of the tree. Even though the action was done on blind impulse Gene still feels a sense of joy to have defeated someone who he considers an enemy and threat. This entire accident was all a result of competition. After the accident Gene feels superior to Finny and therefore, can be his friend not his rival. Gene is happy that Finny will never be as great as he was. He will never be able to participate in sports or even walk as smoothly as he did. Gene feels he has finally won the inner war he had with Finny and no longer has to compete against his best friend. In "Bless the Beasts and Children" competition is also an substantial part of the theme. Box Canyon Boys Camp is centered around competitions. Boys were not assigned cabins to stay in but instead they found a group and cabin to be in. Competition separated the popular kids from the social rejects and the winners from the losers. The Lally brothers, Teft, Goodenow and Shrecker were misfits. They were wealthy, emotionally disturbed boys. They wet the bed, sucked their thumbs, and had nightmares. No one wanted them in their cabin. Only one "normal kid", Cotton would tolerate and lead the misfits. Everything at the camp revolved around competition. Each cabin was a team. Each team competed in riding, archery, riflery, crafts, swimming and field sports. All of the competitions were scored. The teams would be ranked in order from highest to lowest and given Indian tribe names according to their ranking. The highest ranked team was the Apaches, followed by the Sioux, Comanches, Cheyenne, Navajo and the last place team was the "bedwetters". No one wanted to be the "bedwetters". It was a shame and an embarrassment and that team was teased, tormented, and taunted. While the Apaches acquired a head of a buffalo bull, the "bedwetters" received a large white chamber pot. Cotton and his crew always were the "bedwetters". This caused them all feel very badly about themselves. They all felt that they weren't anybody, useless and ineffectual. This feeling of rejection caused and originated the mission to save the buffalo. They felt instant empathy when they saw the defenseless, innocent animals slaughtered. Ironically the feelings of the animals was parallel with the feeling of the young men. They knew the feeling of uselessness. The freeing of the buffalo symbolizes the freeing of themselves, their own self-discovery and their maturation into

Many women and men are looking into human cloning because they are infertile. But, the problem is that the U.S. congress is considering human cloning for reproductive purposes to be a criminal act (Lampman 1). They will have to wait a while if they want to have their child by cloning. Another way to have a child is by vitro-fertilization, which allows the ability to start a life outside of the womb (British 2). Creating a human clone would have many birth defects because of all the genes. There are over 30,000 genes in a body. There is no way they could test over 30,000 genes. There would probably be mutations and such in the genetic code of the body. There is a high risk of change in the genetic code (Drlica 147). In conclusion there should not be human clones until further research is done on the subject. Before scientists start making human clones scientists should get the success rate of animal clones up much more than three percent. It could be beneficial but it will take a lot of research and testing. Human cloning may be playing god but eventually someone will make a human clone, whether it is in a year or one hundred years.

Works Cited Gibbs, Nancy. "Cloning: Where Do You Draw the Line?" Time 13 Feb. 2001: 18-21 Gorman, Christine. "Cloning: Humans May Have It Easier." Time 27 Feb. 2001: 56-57 Lampman, Jane. "Transcript of our live event with Jane Lampman." Yahoo. http://www.csmonitor.com/monitortalk/events/pastevents/0628chatLo g.html (6 Nov. 2001). "British Government Panel Approves Human Cloning for Cell Research." Yahoo. http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/08/16/embryo.cloning.02/ (6 Nov. 2001). Cole-Turner, Ronald. Human Cloning: Religious Responses. Los Angeles: Westminister John Knox Press, 1997. Drlica, Karl. Understanding DNA and Gene Cloning. New York: Jon Wiley & Sons inc, 1984. Gibbs, Nancy. "Baby It's You! And You, And You…" Time 19 February 2001: 46-57. Goodman, Steve. "Should There Be Human Clones?" Faces: People, Places, andures. 16 January 2000: 6-11. Please note that this sample paper on The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes.In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. , we are here to assist you.Your custom paper on The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.Order your authentic assignment from Online writing services offer help on The tragedy in Antigone, is that society's conventions dictate all behavior. and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!