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Heart Attack
Heart attack is a type of disorder of the heart. Disorders of the heart include Angina Pectoris, Heart Attack and Cardiac arrest. Angina Pectoris is the constriction of the chest and describes the pain that a person experiences when narrowed coronary arteries are unable to supply enough blood to the heart to meet demands.
A heart attack occurs when the blood supply to part of the muscle is suddenly obstructed.
A cardiac arrest is any sudden stoppage of the heart.
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This assignment will focus mainly on Heart Attack.
What is a heart attack?
A heart attack (A.K.A, myocardial infarction) is when part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies because it isn't receiving oxygen. Oxygen is carried to the heart by the arteries. Most heart attacks are caused by a blockage in the arteries. Usually, the blockage is caused by atherosclerosis, the buildup of fatty deposits in the artery. Heart attacks can also be caused by a blood clot that gets stuck in a narrow part of an artery to the heart. Clots are more likely to form where atherosclerosis has made an artery narrower. The fatty build up can break open and lead to the formation of a blood clot that seals the break. The cycle of fatty build up, plague rupture, and blood clot formation causes the artery to narrow, reducing blood flow. The process develops gradually over many years.
Causes/Risk Factors
A heart attack is caused by the obstruction of the blood supply to part of the heart muscle. This is brought about by the narrowing of the coronary artery, leading to the death of a piece of the heart muscle, which triggers the symptoms of a heart attack. The narrowing of the blood vessels supplying oxygen to the heart may be caused by
·High blood pressure
·Excessive intake of alcohol/Yaqona
·Obesity
·Lack of exercise
·Excessive smoking
·Improper diet
·Diabetes
·High cholesterol level
·A family history of heart attacks
·Atherosclerosis
·Male Sex
The above factors greatly increase the risk of one getting a heart attack.
Signs/Symptoms of Heart Attack
Some heart attacks are sudden and intense, where no one doubts what
is happening. But most heart attacks start slowly, with mild pain or discomfort. Often, people are not sure what is wrong and wait too long before getting help. Here are signs and symptoms that can mean a heart attack is happening.
·Chest pain/discomfort
·Discomfort in other areas of the upper body (arm, neck, jaw or stomach)
·Shortness of breath
·Nausea
·Cold sweat
·Lightheadedness
·Feeling of indigestion
·Unexplained anxiety, weakness or fatigue
·Palpitations or paleness (Cyanosis)
·Vomiting
·Severe Case, pulse may be absent
Because symptoms can vary, it is important to be aware that not everyone expresses the classic severe chest pain to be a heart attack. Some victims may experience more than one symptom. When any of these symptoms persist longer than 0 minutes, one should assume that they are having a heart attack.
Treatment of Heart Attack
The aim of treating a heart attack is to minimize the work of the heart and to summon urgent medical help and arrange transport to hospital.
Ways of treating
·Make the casualty as comfortable as possible to ease the strain on the heart.
·A half sitting position with the casualty's head and shoulders well supported and the knees bent.
·Loosen clothing around neck, chest and waist.
·If casualty has medication for chest pain, advise them to take the recommended dosage. If pain persists and casualty is conscious, give the casualty a full dose (00mg) aspirin tablet to chew.
If person is unconscious or goes into unconsciousness
·Check and clear open the airway
·Check for breathing
·Check for circulation
·If necessary, continue Rescue Breathing or C.P.R
·If patient is unconscious with a detectable pulse present, place into recovery position.
·Monitor the pulse rate and breathing continuously at every 10-minute intervals.
Drugs used to treat a heart attack
·Aspirin-Helps lower the risk of a heart attack for those who already had one. It also keeps arteries open for those who had a previous heart bypass or artery opening procedure.
·Digitalis-slows fast heart rhythm and makes the heart contract harder when its pumping function has slowed down.
·ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor-helps the heart pump blood better. Stops the production of a chemical that makes blood vessels narrow.
·Beta Blocker-slows the heart and makes it beat with less contracting force.
·Nitrates (Nitroglycerine)-relaxes blood vessels and stops chest pain.
·Calcium Channel Blocker-relaxes blood vessels.
·Diuretic-Decreases fluids in the body.
·Blood Cholesterol-lowering agents-Decreases cholesterol levels in the blood.
·Thrombolytic agents-Also known as "clot busting drugs". It breaks up a blood clot in a coronary artery in order to restore blood flow. Given during a heart attack.
Prevention
The risk of having a heart attack can be reduced if you have had a previous heart attack or have not. The key is to control your heart disease risk factors. Six steps to reduce heart attack risk
·Stop smoking. (If you don't smoke, don't start!)
·Lower you high blood pressure. Get your blood pressure checked regularly.
·Reduce high cholesterol level. Cut back on foods high in saturated fats.
·Aim for a healthy weight.
·Be physically active each day.
·Mange diabetes. Control your blood sugar and undergo regular checks.
PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE!
Conclusion
The heart is a specialized pump. It's muscle, the myocardium beats throughout our lives in a smooth continuous and coordinated way, controlled by an electrical impulse. The heart muscle had its own blood supply, provided by the coronary arteries. Like all other arteries, the coronary arteries are susceptible to narrowing and blockage, which can stop or even prevent the oxygen from reaching the heart muscle. The irony is that risk factors contributing to heart attacks can easily be eliminated by living healthy lives.
Bibliography
All from the Yahoo Website
·National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.com
·FamilyDoctor.com
·American Heart Association.com
·University of Michigan Health System.com
·PlainSense.com
·Cardiology Channel.com
·HealthInfo.Org
·First Aid Manual
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