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Women Designing Sports
What happened all those other years most women were not allowed to do of these certain sporting activities? With the millennium under our belt, women have achieved more success now than in any time over the past few years. Even though things are improving with each move women make, that is not enough. Women should be allowed to be given the same opportunities as men when it comes to athletics and athletic careers. Society today needs more equal rights for women in sports and athletic positions. Women continue to become discouraged from particular sports and administration offices for the fear of being labeled and categorized as a homosexual. Low paying salaries for women in sports related work are another way of trying to shutdown women's advances. Even though many provisions like Title IX have helped women surpass many of those obstacles, they are still not out of the woods yet.
The architecture of sports and careers in sports have changed tremendously for women in the United states over the past decades. According to the National Association for Women in Sports, in 171, the A.I.A.W. (Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women) began. A year later Congress enacted Title IX, to become effective in 178, prohibiting sex discrimination in educational constitutions receiving federal funds. Title IX states "No person in the U.S. shall on the basis of sex be excluded from participation in or denied the benefits...". Before Title IX came along there were no provisions of whether or not a women could be in sports or any career involving sports (N.A.W.S.). For example, this treaty is not about looking to see how many girls are being able to participate in football; it primarily focuses on the necessity for women to have equal opportunities as men on a whole, not an individual basis. According to the Feminist Daily News Wire, a federal judge ordered Duke University to pay million dollars in damages to Heather Sue Mercer for cutting her from the football team because she is a woman. "Mercer, had been a member of a championship high school team, and kicked 48-yard field goals while at Duke University (F.D.N.W.). She sued under Title IX. "She testified that the coach commented, "Why do you insist on playing football? Why not try something like beauty pageants?" What this means is that women should be able to be in a large group of athletes who are professional women. Mercer has the same opportunities as men do and just because she is in a sport of predominately males, she has the right to be there and try to make a difference. Even though women are trying harder at excelling in the sport they want to be in , there are still certain problems. Most men don't take women in sports seriously. They turn society's heads the other way when it comes to supporting or watching women play ball. Men talk bad about a woman in his sport just to degrade her because she is a woman. If she was a man then nothing would be unraveled....all comrades. Nevertheless, women are keeping on their battle. According to Andrew Curry, women's ice hockey, which made it's Olympic debut in 18, had 6,6 women competing on high school, collegiate, and local teams. Today there are 7,000 (50)."But a lot of women just want their own games" (50). They deserve the right to hold that lead. Women should be able to be treated the same as any other man. Women seem to be doing everything else in this world, why not start treating them the same and giving them the same opportunities as men. According to the New Moon Network, before Title IX, 1 in 7 girls played high school sports nationwide. Today it is 1 in . Title IX helps tremendously, but women still have their certain mountains to overcome. According to Andy Steiner, even though Title IX was supposed to forward women in sports, the law didn't solve every problem or dissolve equity. "In a few cases, complying with Title IX actually made things worse for women in sports" (40). "Providing equal athletic opportunities can be expensive, and some schools needed to cut existing boys' teams in order to start new teams for the girls" (41)
Another reason for the low amounts of women in sports is homophobia. Most people really don't understand why any woman would not rather participate in athletics and sports administration than have her sexual preference revealed. There is this ongoing battle with lesbians everywhere. Even women who are not lesbians or bisexual fear that if they get involved with athletics that they will be stereotyped as that. Why do women have to be scared for those reasons and men don't have to be? Men are never worried about whether they will be categorized as a homosexual if they play football or if they wrestle. According to Women in Sports, more than half of female administrators in sports surveyed said their involvement in sports often led others to assume they were lesbian. Fifty-one percent of women coaches agreed, as did 46% of women athletes. Christine Grant, University of Iowa women's athletic director, says homophobia in women's sports is "like the McCarthyism of the 150s. The fear is paralyzing,"( Gutman 6). A former basketball star Mariah Burton Nelson put it in her book Are We Winning Yet?, "Homophobia in sports serves as a way to control women, both gay and straight." Whether a woman is lesbian or straight, homophobia in sports and the society at large tends to discourage girls and women from pursuing traditionally masculine activities such as contact sports and team sports for fear of being labeled a homosexual. "Female athletes in traditionally masculine sports challenge the social dictates about proper behavior for females;therefore, the reasoning goes, there must be something wrong with them (). There are also some accomplishments that take part due to women being lesbians in their sport. "Girljock a well-thought-out and informative magazine, published and written by a San Fransisco lesbian named Roxxie" (). "What Girljock need is for more volunteers to help with the our web site, and more people to either buy or to subscribe to the magazine," says Roxxie (Navratilova ). "We are a lesbian publication that is for lesbian women in sports" ().
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The tennis star Martina Navratilova has been the only well-known woman athlete to dare to come out of the closet and say that she is gay. When she did this she shocked everyone including her women players. They were not only proud of what a gutsy act she did, but her fellow lesbian friends applauded loudly and proudly. Even though she lost a lot of corporate endorsements because of this, she wasn't afraid anymore of someone finding out. She held her head high through it all and in the end she was still well received by the public. She was daring and she proved a well given point to the world in doing so. According to an article in Womens Sports and Fitness magazine, homophobia is the cause of 4% women turning down scholarships at schools unfriendly to lesbians; lesbians getting married and divorced to maintain a heterosexual image; women terrified to reveal they were fired as suspected lesbians; single women who are not hired as coaches, and heterosexual women declining athletic careers for fear of being labeled lesbians. According to Navratilova, "The double standard in sports goes far and beyond heterosexual and gay issues. It is as basic as men and women" (). These are a couple of things that Martina noticed about the unfairness about women and men in sports. She questioned such things as "Why was tennis star Pete Sampras lauded for crying during an emotional match, while women tennis players are characterized as "choking" or having "one of those bad days" if they cry?" See society is part of the blame for stereotyping women and men. People think of women as frail objects that are to be tended with care. Yes, women can become that frail object when she sees the need, but that is not who she is. She is a strong, brave and sport-loving girl who happens to have a career playing professional sports, or coaching them.
Women all across the world are afraid of entering careers in athletics because of low salaries. According to Mrs. Helen Gonzalez who has been a coach for seven years, she is being paid less than her male employee is. Mrs. Gonzalez said, "I was noticing that all of my male counterparts who do the same exact amount of work as I do were getting paid more than I." As always, even though women have the same capabilities of working at the same speed and degree as men work, they still get the shorter end of the stick. According to a NCAA survey 75% of women college athletes said they are interested in a career that offered a higher average salary than did coaching or administration of intercollegiate athletics.
Today coaches of women's teams are still prayed less than coaches of men's teams. Out of 14 sports that have men's and women's teams, the Division I men's head and assistant coaches' combined average base salaries were more than the women's in all sports (Steiner 65). In basketball, mens head coaches were paid an average of $71,511, but the womens coaches made only $,177 (65). Even in female dominated sports like gymnastics, the mens coaches were paid more on average, because most schools offer more sports for men than women. The average combined spending for mens coaches salaries was $65,6 for Division I schools, but only $7,871 for the same Division I womens teams (67). What an injustice to women! Now that women have increased opportunities to play with men, are they playing like men? asks athlete Mariah Burton Nelson (50). "Even today, women tennis pros are being paid less than the men at the Australian Open. Women's matches continue to be given less-than-desirable courts and times for the French Open. Never mind that those are Grand Slam tournaments, the "showcases" that air on international television and attract new viewers and potential fans to the sport" (). Women today are not headed into the right direction from males trying to overtake them on whatever they try to excel at and try to do. Most of all in the sports and athletic careers. Women have tried incessantly to gain the respect of their fellow peers "men" in order to know they are doing a good job. Not for long, because there will come a day when women will get paid the same and treated equally as her male counterparts.
Women still have much further to climb on the latter of equality. They still see the need to prove themselves to not only society but males also, but even with things like Title IX, women still seem to be discouraged. Women need to have the same rights as males and be judged by what they can do and make better than by their sex. According to Bill Clinton, "But finally, let me say, as the grandson and a son of two women who worked and did their best to make their way in life; as the husband of a remarkable woman who has made her way; as the father of a daughter I hope will always be free to make hers-- what Billie Jean said about the tennis match is true of this whole subject. This is about more than sports . This is about the fundamental right of every human being to dream and work and strive and the obligation never to quit, never to give in, never to be limited, never to be defined. And our obligation to see that all those who come behind us have that right to jump and soar in athletics, in every endeavor--even someday, someone of a different gender will be standing here giving a speech like this, and I hope it won't be too long".
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