Feudalism in Japan

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Social Studies Notes Chapter 4 Section

Feudalism in Japan

·00 years ago, samurai rose to fame and power in Japan

·Samurai means those who serve

·Samurai swore to oath to serve their leaders

·They followed a code of rules

·Honor meant more than wealth or life

·Samurai would rather die than shame himself

A Country of Islands

·Life in Japan 00 years ago was unusual in many ways

·One reason Japan was different is its geography

·Japan in a group of mountainous islands in the Pacific Ocean

·For years, the sea protected Japan from invaders

·In this geographic setting, the Japanese developed a distinctive way of life

The Rise of the Samurai

·Warriors ere important even though the Japanese had no real enemies

·They fought with each other to gain power

Feudalism Develops in Japan

·For centuries, emperors ruled Japan from the city that is now called Kyoto

·Over time, wealthy families created large private estates

·They gained much power

·Between 1000 and 100, the emperor lost power

·Estate owners, daimyo, became more independent

·They hired samurai to protect them

·As they gained power, a new political and military system developed in Japan

·Daimyo and samurai became closely connected

·Samurai followed set of rules called bushido

·System called feudal system

·System is like a pyramid, at the bottom are peasants, then samurai, then daimyo, and then the shogun or great general

Shoguns Gain Control

·First shogun did not take power in Japan until 11

·All through 1100s, Japan was torn by war

· powerful families fought for control- the Minamoto and the Taira

·In 1185 the Minamoto family won

·Minamoto Yoritomo became ruler of the country

·In 11, the emperor of Japan named Yoritomo shogun

·Shoguns ruled Japan in the emperor's name until 1868

·Japan's period of military rule lasted almost 700 years

·During rule of weak shoguns, local samurai bands were always at war

Isolation For Japan

·Within a century after shogun rule started, Japan was threatened by the Mongols

·Mongols came from country called Mongolia, north of China

·Under a fierce and brilliant leader, Kublai Khan, the Mongols had already conquered China

·Khan tried to take over Japan twice and failed both times

The Arrival of Europeans

·For 00 years few foreigners came to Japan

·In 154, some Portuguese sailors landed in Japan

·The Japanese showed great interest in the gun the Portuguese had

·In the years that followed, many European traders and Christian missionaries arrived

·Trade developed and thousands of Japanese became Christians

The Tokugawas Cut Off Japan

·European influence didn't last long

·In 160, Tokugawa Ieyasu became shogun and was determined to bring order to the country

·He wanted to end the fighting among warrior samurai bands

·Ieyasu divided Japan into about 50 regions, each headed by a daimyo

·Daimyos promised to serve the shogun and swore loyalty to him

·Ieyasu feared that Europeans would try to conquer Japan

·He and Tokugawa rulers who followed him isolated Japan from Westerners

·The shoguns outlawed Christianity and forced Europeans to leave the country

·They banned most foreign travel and trade and closed Japanese ports to outsiders

·They also stopped the building of large ships that could travel great distances

·In effect, the closed Japan to the outside world

·The Japanese continued their own distinctive culture

·Their isolation lasted until 185

Section Review

1.Samurai- The Japanese feudal military aristocracy.

Daimyo- A feudal lord of Japan who was a large landowner.

Bushido- The traditional code of the Japanese samurai, stressing honor, self-discipline, bravery, and simple living.

Feudal system- A political, economic, or social order resembling this medieval system.

Shogun- The hereditary commander of the Japanese army who until 1867 exercised absolute rule under the nominal leadership of the emperor.

.Minamoto- A powerful family in Japan who fought for control of the country

Yoritomo- A powerful family in Japan who fought for control of the country

Tokugawa Ieyasu- A shogun of Japan who cut off Japan from outsiders

.The feudal system of Japan was like a pyramid. Lesser people like peasants were at the bottom, then samurai, the daimyo, and at the top the Shogun.

4.The Tokugawas outlawed Christianity, forced Europeans to leave, banned foreign travel and trade, and stopped the making of large ships to close off Japan.

5.This helps explain why warfare was so common because there were a lot of Japanese warriors.

 

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BOWLING, A BRIEF HISTORY

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The term bowl is thought to be derived from the Saxon bolla and the Danish bolle, both meaning, in the literal sense, "bubble." The word later referred to any round or spherical object. Some trace the to the Latin bulla or round ball, and others just prefer the French form of the word boule, meaning ball.

It didn't what you called it or how you played it, bowling has been around for a long while and I know that you don't want to hear about the ancient Egyptians and how they started it all, so I won't say anything about them. The process of throwing things at other things in the purpose of knocking the other things over has been an urge inside of man for many centuries.

In other studies, a man by the name of Dr. Malcom Rogers, who is the curator of the San Diego Museum, discovered an ancient bowling game as performed by the Polynesians, in which small elliptical balls, and round flat discs of stone, about four inches in diameter were used. The game was called "Ula Maika" and consisted of bowling or rolling the stone a distance of sixty feet, which is the length of our hardwood lanes today. I had the opportunity of living in the Pacific Island of Tahiti for a period of two years and in that time I came to know what everyone meant, when people talk about a third world country, I observed, organized and played in many of their lawn bowling games as described above and these games were great ways to make new friends and to become closer with the Polynesian culture. Many people participated in these games, and once in a rare while there were a couple of tempers being lost due to bad sportsmanship, but all in all, things usually were very well organized.

In America, the early Dutch settlers brought a bowling type game with a set of nine pins instead of our ten, to Manhattan in 166. With this expansion as well as other from England who went to Virginia, bowling soon became very popular in New York, and a bowling lane was found on every block on Broadway in the 1840's. oddly enough, most of the bowling matches that were played in New York were rigged for and in 1841 bowling was declared by law to be a gambling game and eventually the game was abolished in New York, Connecticut, and Massachusetts, and by 1850 gamblers and swindlers had complete control of the game of ninepins.

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Originally the game of ninepins had the pins in a diamond formation and had actually been condemned by the Puritans two hundred years earlier because men were devoting time to playing the game that could have been spent more constructively, like at work. Didn't they know that all work and no play makes people frustrated. However neither condemnation nor legislation could abolish enthusiasm for the game. So at that time ninepins had to be played secretly, and there were many sad bowlers who would sit in stocks or in prison for defying the law. This went on until one man decided to circumvent the law and change a few things, like adding one more pin and changing the formation from a diamond to a triangle and thus improved the game, and its growth began. By 1875 the game became so well established that a " National Bowling Association" was formed to revise the rules, and standardize the equipment. Unfortunately it failed to survive and the American Amateur Bowling Union replaced it in 180. It too died out and was replaced by the American Bowling Congress (ABC), whose objective was to help promote and evaluate the game. As a result of this association the ABC is the largest sports membership organization in the world.

The popularity of bowling took a dramatic turn with the introduction of the automatic pinsetting devices in 15 which made it a heck of a lot easier and faster to bowl even though the pin-boys were put out of a job. With the construction of large bowling centers complete with lounges, dining rooms, and even nurseries, bowling lost it's infamous and unsavory "pool hall" association, to become one of the largest participation sports and one of the most popular forms of family recreation in the United States. From the fall of 10 to the spring of 11 more than 8 million people in the U.S. bowled at least on game, and another 6.7 million adults bowled in weekly leagues. Thirty-six per cent of bowlers are adult women, 4 per cent are adult men, and 0 per cent are youth between the ages of 5 to 17.

The skills needed to achieve an average performance in bowling and to enjoy taking part in the game are relatively easy to acquire. Less preparation and participation time is required for bowling than for many other sports. I know very well that this statement is easier said than done. Natural tendencies and urges to bowl a certain way need to be curbed to fully comprehend the easy technique, and then to put it to practice.

Bowling is also popular on the international scene with ten pins being played by over 110 million people in over 80 nations. In fact the world's largest bowling hall, with 5 lanes, is the Tokyo World Lanes Bowling Center in Tokyo, Japan.

Bowling appeals o everyone, from the oldest man confined to a wheelchair to the smallest child who barely has enough strength to lift the ball,. That was one of the things that attracted me the most to the game, and that was that bowling doesn't discriminate against anyone, a lot of women were happy that they had a sport they could finally be equal to or even greater than the men who played it.

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Systems Analysis

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a. Information, because it is a report made up of data that when brought togetherbecomes a useful document to tell the manager what parts are low in stock.

b. Data, because that one customer alone is useless when its by itself.

c. Data, again this is useless when just an order, would be info if it was a report of all the orders placed in a given time period.

d. Information, because it is a document that presents statistics that can be used for other things.

Write a research paper on Systems Analysis

e. Information, because it takes every transaction and payment made to your credit card company and creates a report with Total Balances and interest rates. As well as how much money is now due.

3. Sandra and Bob are Systems Analysts. Galen is the System Owner. The following people are all users: Monica, Steven, Steve, Dick, and Susan.

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8. His current information system is really a personal information system because that is what is used in an office environment when described with word processing and spreadsheets for workers. These type of programs are used and designed to meet the needs of a single user and boost their productivity. To extend this to a true office information system, they can redesign it or modify it slightly to support not only individuals but work groups as well. This would include those workers not located in the same office. Office automation systems are concerned with getting all relevant information to those who need it. This is accomplished through word processing, email, work group computing, work group scheduling, fax processing, imaging and electronic documents, and work flow management.

9.

a. Transaction Processing Systems do bank deposits and withdrawals.

b. Transaction Processing Systems would be used to print out a summary of cash total since that is the system that would keep track of money, like retail point of sale.

c. Management Information Systems because they filter data to report exceptions, which is what checking to see if they have enough money is.

d. Management Information Systems because they print sales reports which is similar to what taking money in and out of a bank is like.

e. Transaction Processing System generates those type of reports.

f. Decision Support system because it will present him with a list of trends where he will then have to make a decision on which stock if any to buy.

g. Expert system because the system is using A.I. to figure out the illness so the doctor doesn't have to spend time figuring it out when the computer can do it so much faster.

h. Office automation and work group because they use email to communicate between an entire workgroup or office.

1) Systems analysis is a problem solving technique that decomposes a system into its component pieces for the purpose of studying how well those component parts work and interact to accomplish their purpose. Systems design is a complementary problem-solving technique that reassembles a systems component pieces back into a complete system—it is hoped an improved system. This may involve adding, deleting, and changing pieces relative to the original system. Information systems analysis is defined as those development phases in a project that primarily focus on the business problem, independent of any technology that can or will be used to implement a solution to that problem.

6) Object oriented analysis is a model driven technique that integrates Data and Process concerns into constructs called Objects. OOA models are pictures that illustrate the systems objects from various perspectives such as structure and behavior. Structured analysis is a model driven, Process-centered technique used to either analyze an existing system, define business requirements for a new system, or both. The models are pictures that illustrate the systems component pieces: processes and their associated inputs, outputs, and files. Information engineering is a model-driven and Data-Centered, but Process-sensitive technique to plan, analyze, and design information systems. IE models are pictures that illustrate and synchronize the system's data and processes.

9) Reverse engineering technology reads the program code for an existing system database, application program, and/or user interface and automatically generates the equivalent system model. It can be used by system analysts and users to provide a blueprint for a new and improved system.

11) Business Process Redesign is the application of systems analysis methods to the goal of dramatically changing and improving the fundamental business processes of an organization, independent of technology.

17) Cause and effect analysis is a technique in which problems are studied to determine their cause and effect. A risk of not performing this type of analysis is not correctly solving a problem or stating a valid solution. You should truly analyze the problem before stating any solution.

19) An objective is a measure of success. It is something that you expect to achieve, if given sufficient resources. A constraint is something that will limit your flexibility in defining a solution to your objectives. Essentially, constraints cannot be changed.

25) Is the solution feasible? That is the question asked in the design phase. IT is checked for Technical feasibility, operational feasibility, economic feasibility, and schedule feasibility. The information systems building blocks can serve as a useful framework for the decision analysis phase. The building blocks indicate our goal to develop a proposal that will fulfill requirements.

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Chruch and State

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Thomas Jefferson's reply on January 1, 180, to the Danbury Baptists Association contains a piece of text that to many explains the religious clause in the first amendment. The First amendment states, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances," an amendment that has been under scrutiny on all sides. The first phrase according to the Library of Congress is the segment Jefferson was referring to when he wrote his final letter. In the final letter Jefferson states," Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between Man & his God, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship, that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, & not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, thus building a wall of separation between Church & State. Adhering to this expression of the supreme will of the nation in behalf of the rights of conscience, I shall see with sincere satisfaction the progress of those sentiments which tend to restore to man all his natural rights, convinced he has no natural right in opposition to his social duties." To build a stronger case one must look at the original draft also available from the Library of congress where in the same paragraph he states," Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between man & his god, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship, that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only and not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; thus building a wall of eternal separation between Church & State. Congress thus inhibited from acts respecting religion, and the Executive authorized only to execute their acts, I have refrained from prescribing even those occasional performances of devotion, practiced indeed by the Executive of another nation as the legal head of its church, but subject here, as religious exercises only to the voluntary regulations and discipline of each respective sect, confining myself therefore to the duties of my station, which are merely temporal, be assured that your religious rights shall never be infringed by any act of mine and that. The difference between the final and the original is that the final is less aggressive and takes more of colorful tone. In either case it is clear that Jefferson did not believe a government body should be influenced by a religion because a "sects" leader might influence the decisions of a governing individual obstructing the purity of personal choice.

On September 7, 00, the ten commandments display supported by Judge Roy Moore was denied an appeal to have the monument replaced by the supreme court by a vote of three to six. Judge Moore's argument is that the monument was to be in likeness of the supreme courts monument in that it was made to be a tribute of how our government was formed and that it was not to be secular and for those that thought it was were searching for a theocratic government and no American should want that. Despite his argument the supreme court rejected his appeal stating it was a conflict between church and state.

In my views in regards to church and state I believe as Jefferson believed. If you look at history and see how wars like the crusades and every other holy war was started the governing body gained nothing by fighting over a religious belief with nothing but faith as their proof of authenticity. However the one exception is the United States, but we fought for religious freedom to practice our own individual faiths unobstructed by a governing body (amendment 1). With that said it would be foolish to say that our government is not already influenced by ones beliefs, but it is that denying of an individuals beliefs to be forced upon ones community and only the people with in their household that makes our democracy work. So do I believe in a separation between church and state by all means especially because by accepting ones religion we might deny another's beliefs or happiness. If it ain't broke don't fix it.

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German Measles

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German MEASLES,

not just for

Germans

Essay service for your German Measles paper

By

Phillip Halcomb

German Measles (also know as Rubella) is a disease that is not very common any more, but before the 160s, outbreaks occurred every six to nine years. It use to be that having German Measles was considered a milestone in your life, like having chicken pox is now.

Rubella is a viral infection that is caused by a simple microorganism or a complex molecule that has a protein coat that can only grow and spread in living things. When a group of these microorganisms or molecules get together they cause people to get sick by infecting their bodies. The microorganisms or molecules that can be spread from one person to another are considered contagious.

Rubella most of the time is a pretty mild illness but can be very bad. Most of the time the people who have Rubella complain about their glands behind their ears and back of their neck hurting, a rash and a slight fever. Sometimes young girls and women complain about their hand joints hurting. Rubella is the only disease where the glands in the neck swell. Sometimes when a baby has Rubella the only thing that happens is they get fussy and have a rash. The older you get the worse you get. When an older person gets Rubella they may not have a rash but they can have eye pain, sore throat, fever and body aches.

The virus that causes Rubella can be passed from one person to another by contact with the infected persons body fluid. Most of the time this happens by contact with saliva droplets that contain the virus. A person can spread their saliva droplets by coughing, sneezing, talking or sharing the same cup. A person that touches something that an infected person touched and then touches their eyes, nose or mouth before washing their hands can become infected. Also a pregnant woman can give it to her baby. When this happens the baby can be born with Congenital Rubella Syndrome or CRS. Some of the babies that are born with CRS have cataracts and other eye problems. They can also have hearing problems, heart problems and developmental problems.

Most of the time if you get Rubella you can be taken care of at home. A blood test at the doctors office will tell if you have Rubella. After the doctor tells you that you have German Measles then the doctor will tell you to go to bed, drink lots of fluids and take Tylenol for your fever and sore joints and throat. Your doctor will tell you not to take aspirin because it can cause you to become sick with another disease called Reyes Syndrome. A humidifier will help you breath better. If your eyes are sore or sensitive to light, then keeping the room dark will help. Most of all, stay home so that you do not expose anyone else to German Measles.

The number one prevention of Rubella is a vaccine that is part of our normal immunizations, or shots, that we get as kids. These shots started around 16, and since that time Rubella outbreaks have decreased by %. Even though studies show that in 160 the number of cases were about 750,000 and in 170 the cases numbered 100,000, in 17 about 50,000 and in 10 only 10,000. All the studies show that the best way not to get Rubella is to get the shot, there are people who will not get it, or let their kids have it because they are scared that the shot will make them sick. Some people believe that the shot can cause a child to become retarded or to die in their sleep. Another reason that a person will not get the shot is because of religious beliefs that prevent them from getting any shots no matter what the studies show.

There is no cure for Rubella or any type of Measles. Scientists are working on one but have not discovered it yet. Maybe the cure will be found in the prevention of the disease.

Interview With Claudine Young

Today I called my step-grandmother, Claudine Young, and asked her if I could interview her for a health project. She was happy to help me and the following is a narrative of that interview

Question 1.Have you ever had German Measles?

AnswerYes, when I was about 1. My twin brother and I had them at the same time.

Question .What did you feel like when you had them?

AnswerI had a rash that itched a lot. I also had fever and was very tired.

Question .What did you eat while you were sick?

AnswerI really did not eat anything because I had no appetite.

Question 4.Who took care of you while you were sick?

AnswerMy Mother took care of my brother and I.

Question 5.What are some thing that made you feel better?

AnswerMy Mother kept me warm and gave me lots of liquids, she also made me stay in bed and kept the room dark because my eyes hurt real bad.

Question 6.How do you think we can help keep German Measles from spreading?

AnswerPeople can get a shot that will help them not to get it.

Question 7.Do you know if there is a cure for German Measles?

AnswerI do not think so. I think that the vaccine is the only thing out and it only helps in preventing it.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

1.From the editors of Health Magazine, The Savon Health Self-Care Advisor, Published by Time Health Media Inc. Copyright 001.

.A Merriam Webster, Websters Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, Published by Merriam- Webster, Inc. Copyright 18.

WORLD WIDE WEB

1.Rubella (German Measles), WebMD with AOL Health-Rubella, December 10, 00, http//aolsvc.health.webmd.aol.com/encyclopedia/article/60.55, December 10, 00.

.Six Common Misconceptions about vaccinations and how to respond to them,cdc.gov, December 10, 00, http//www.cdc.gov/nip/publications/6mishome.htm, December 10, 00

INTERVIEW

1.Claudine Young, Personal Interview, December 11, 00

 

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