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Social Studies Notes Chapter 4 Section
Feudalism in Japan
·00 years ago, samurai rose to fame and power in Japan
·Samurai means those who serve
·Samurai swore to oath to serve their leaders
·They followed a code of rules
·Honor meant more than wealth or life
·Samurai would rather die than shame himself
A Country of Islands
·Life in Japan 00 years ago was unusual in many ways
·One reason Japan was different is its geography
·Japan in a group of mountainous islands in the Pacific Ocean
·For years, the sea protected Japan from invaders
·In this geographic setting, the Japanese developed a distinctive way of life
The Rise of the Samurai
·Warriors ere important even though the Japanese had no real enemies
·They fought with each other to gain power
Feudalism Develops in Japan
·For centuries, emperors ruled Japan from the city that is now called Kyoto
·Over time, wealthy families created large private estates
·They gained much power
·Between 1000 and 100, the emperor lost power
·Estate owners, daimyo, became more independent
·They hired samurai to protect them
·As they gained power, a new political and military system developed in Japan
·Daimyo and samurai became closely connected
·Samurai followed set of rules called bushido
·System called feudal system
·System is like a pyramid, at the bottom are peasants, then samurai, then daimyo, and then the shogun or great general
Shoguns Gain Control
·First shogun did not take power in Japan until 11
·All through 1100s, Japan was torn by war
· powerful families fought for control- the Minamoto and the Taira
·In 1185 the Minamoto family won
·Minamoto Yoritomo became ruler of the country
·In 11, the emperor of Japan named Yoritomo shogun
·Shoguns ruled Japan in the emperor's name until 1868
·Japan's period of military rule lasted almost 700 years
·During rule of weak shoguns, local samurai bands were always at war
Isolation For Japan
·Within a century after shogun rule started, Japan was threatened by the Mongols
·Mongols came from country called Mongolia, north of China
·Under a fierce and brilliant leader, Kublai Khan, the Mongols had already conquered China
·Khan tried to take over Japan twice and failed both times
The Arrival of Europeans
·For 00 years few foreigners came to Japan
·In 154, some Portuguese sailors landed in Japan
·The Japanese showed great interest in the gun the Portuguese had
·In the years that followed, many European traders and Christian missionaries arrived
·Trade developed and thousands of Japanese became Christians
The Tokugawas Cut Off Japan
·European influence didn't last long
·In 160, Tokugawa Ieyasu became shogun and was determined to bring order to the country
·He wanted to end the fighting among warrior samurai bands
·Ieyasu divided Japan into about 50 regions, each headed by a daimyo
·Daimyos promised to serve the shogun and swore loyalty to him
·Ieyasu feared that Europeans would try to conquer Japan
·He and Tokugawa rulers who followed him isolated Japan from Westerners
·The shoguns outlawed Christianity and forced Europeans to leave the country
·They banned most foreign travel and trade and closed Japanese ports to outsiders
·They also stopped the building of large ships that could travel great distances
·In effect, the closed Japan to the outside world
·The Japanese continued their own distinctive culture
·Their isolation lasted until 185
Section Review
1.Samurai- The Japanese feudal military aristocracy.
Daimyo- A feudal lord of Japan who was a large landowner.
Bushido- The traditional code of the Japanese samurai, stressing honor, self-discipline, bravery, and simple living.
Feudal system- A political, economic, or social order resembling this medieval system.
Shogun- The hereditary commander of the Japanese army who until 1867 exercised absolute rule under the nominal leadership of the emperor.
.Minamoto- A powerful family in Japan who fought for control of the country
Yoritomo- A powerful family in Japan who fought for control of the country
Tokugawa Ieyasu- A shogun of Japan who cut off Japan from outsiders
.The feudal system of Japan was like a pyramid. Lesser people like peasants were at the bottom, then samurai, the daimyo, and at the top the Shogun.
4.The Tokugawas outlawed Christianity, forced Europeans to leave, banned foreign travel and trade, and stopped the making of large ships to close off Japan.
5.This helps explain why warfare was so common because there were a lot of Japanese warriors.
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