Jackie Robinson

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JACKIE ROBINSON

"A life is not important except in the impact it has on other lives," this is a very true statement that Jackie Robinson said. He played a big part by changing many other black's lives. He encouraged many blacks to follow in his footsteps, which was having the courage to break the color line in major league baseball and having a great athletic ability which still and will be revered by the game's followers.

His courage and persistence helped his get by the hard times to the better times. He also relied on his mother's strength, love, and attention. His keys to success were to not let all the racialism get to his head and make himself stop playing baseball, and he had the ability to stand up to injustice without compromising his personal integrity and beliefs. With those keys in mind, he never let verbal assaults get to him, from home and visitor games. He didn't stop playing because other teams were after him and spiked him, but life threats probably did scare him, but didn't let it get to his head. Once when he was to play in Cincinnati, he received a life threat that he shouldn't come otherwise they would kill him. The FBI investigated and nothing happened during the game. He continuously got hate mail and other threats like getting his baby kidnapped, but nothing actually happened. Many times fans yelled name at him, one time a game in Baltimore, Maryland many fans yelled racial slurs at him for nine straight innings. Many other incidents happened. At a game in Indiana he was pulled from a game because of a law prohibiting interracial athletes. During another game an opposing player threw a black cat onto the field and yelled at Robinson that the cat was his cousin. The worst behavior he ever heard from the crowd was when a torrent of mass hatred burst from the stands with every move he made and managed only one hit. During the time he was on the Royals, Jackie had suffered from nearly all white crowd in Louisville, but when the series went to Canada, that Canadians released a boo every time a Louisville player stepped up to bat. Jackie didn't approve this retaliation, but felt a great sense of gratitude. The Royals went on to winning the Championship because of the crowd's support. That was probably the only time Jackie was loved from the crowd.

This is probably the main reason Jackie Robinson is so famous, he was the first black to play in major league baseball and to be accepted, which encouraged other blacks to follow him. Branch Rickey should also be thanked, for letting Jackie be on the team and helping him get through the hard times. Branch Rickey, the Dodger's president, told Jackie, "This is baseball's great experiment." Mr. Rickey made Jackie promise not to fight back or talk back, but instead shrug if off. After Mr. Rickey proposal Jackie Robinson responded, "If you want to take this gamble, I will promise you there with be no incident," On April 15, 147 he hit for a first time in major league baseball and did a very poor job, so people started questioning Jackie's ability. After Jackie gained confidence, he started playing outstanding baseball. Many people, black and white, came to watch him play baseball, steal homes, and hit home runs. He got many people interested in baseball. The Dodgers won the National League pennent, and Jackie placed first in stolen bases, second in runs scored, and tied for first for home runs, 1. The newspapers, which doubted Jackie in the beginning, now said that "baseball's great experiment" had been a great success. He did such an outstanding job, so the paper named him Rookie of the Year. Branch Rickey admired him because he kept all the tension in for two years. "Robinson had performed his pioneering role with courage and dignity." Now Rickey told Jackie that he was on his own and could speak his mind. After Jackie spoke about his social and political beliefs to a nationwide audience. "I can't speak for 15 million people any more than any other person can, but I know that I've got too much invested for my wife and child and myself in the future in this country, and I and other Americans of many races and faiths have too much invested in our countries' welfare, for any of us to throw away….. But that doesn't mean we're going to stop fighting race discrimination in this country until we've got it licked. It means we're going to fight it all the harder because our stake in the future is so big." Afterwards he became praised for his affirmation of American ideals and because of that he became a more popular player.

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In 14 Robinson showed his very best by finishing the season with a .4 hitting average, which was the highest in the league. He led the league in stolen bases, 7, and placed very high with many other records. He was nearly perfect defensively, like a vacuum cleaner sucking up ground balls at second base. His story became so famous that they made his life into a movie and make a Jackie Robinson watch. Now in major league baseball he has been accepted by most, but not all. This is around the time he received a life threat, which was the 150 season. During that year he finished with a .8 average for baseball, the best in National League. Whenever he was interviewed, he always told the truth and said very meaningful things, and he was and still is know as one of the most outspoken athletes of his generation. Many blacks followed after him, but still racism held many back. During the 15 season he continued to be a star batter with a . average and scored 10 runs. After he continued to play many more fantastic games, but his body was beginning to slow down. In January of 157 he retired from baseball. Jackie got into politics and in 16 he became eligible for induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame which is the highest honor a baseball player can receive, he received it because he make a significant contribution to the game. He made his last pubic appearance at the ceremony at the Dodger Stadium to commemorate the 5th anniversary of his first major league season, his body was deteriorating, but he still walked across the field for the last time to watch his number retire, 4, on October 4, 17. He left behind a legacy of great accomplishments, his amazing athletic ability and he was the pioneer for blacks to play major league baseball and he did it by having the courage to face the prejudice.

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Dfgdfg

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PHOENIX, May , 1. - Through an agreement with PNC Bank, the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC) recently installed Touch Technology Internationals (TTI) CardTouch system to support a smart card program for employees at its main administration facility in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Employees are using the card to access the toll road, gain entrance to the building and to make purchases in the cafeteria and at vending machines. The system uses a Gemplus hybrid card, which incorporates both contact and contactless chip technology. The program went live on March 5, 1. The use of the smart card in our administration building is very exciting, said Deborah Jubelirer, assistant director of marketing and a project manager for PTCs Electronic Toll Collection. We will have the ability to integrate features of the technology and at the same time introduce Turnpike employees to smart card technology by allowing them to experience its uses and conveniences first hand.

Commenting on future plans, Jubelirer added, Our ultimate goal is to have the card available to our customers to pay for tolls and other purchases on the Turnpike. Beyond any doubt, the smart card has tremendous value and potential in making our lives and jobs easier and less complicated.

TTI is very proud to be a part of the Pennsylvania Turnpikes smart card initiative, said Bill Hussey, TTI president and CEO. The Commission has a rich tradition of innovation and first class customer service.

Don Gleason, TTI executive vice president, provided further perspective on the significance of the program, With this implementation, CardTouch brings financial, access control and toll applications together on a single card. Its the beginning of what will be a very strong trend. TTIs CardTouch system has also been used in support of college campuses, military installations, and malls.

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Customer convenience and enhanced cash flow for the Commonwealth were just two of the many reasons PNC Bank is committed to this technology and excited about the PTC agreement.

Through this agreement, we can use our established strength in smart card technology and processing to enhance our very valuable relationship with the Commonwealth, said Janet Mendenhall, vice president and general manager of PNC Bank Merchant Services. And this technology offers unlimited potential for convenience in the areas of tolls, parking and transit ó issues that affect virtually all of our customers.

Gemplus Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing, Michael Crosno is also optimistic on the prospects for contactless smart card technology in transit and toll applications. Gemplus is excited to see this technology deployed in a live practical application with such a strong business case for future growth. We applaud the cooperative efforts of PNC, the Turnpike Commission and TTI.

TTI used the contactless features of the card to enable a touch-and-go transaction to gain access via the toll road. Access to the building is controlled in similar fashion with the same card adapted to the existing security system. Once inside the building, employees can load value to the card using a kiosk that provides access to personal bank accounts. The cards can then be used to make purchases in the cafeteria and at vending machines throughout the complex. To facilitate acceptance, TTI integrated a smart card terminal with the electronic cash register used by the cafeteria operator.

About Touch Technology International, Inc.

Founded in 11, Touch Technology International provides turnkey smart card solutions, systems integration services and back office operations support for smart card systems. Since its inception, TTIs sole focus has been the smart card industry. With over 65 employees, TTI has become a leader in the design, development and deployment of smart card systems. TTI offers CardTouch as a non-branded solution, which may be licensed by third parties to implement industry-specific smart card based systems. For more information on TTI and CardTouch, visit http//www.touchtechnology.com.

About the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission

The Pennsylvania Turnpike provides more than 506 miles of limited access toll highway. With approximately ,00 employees the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission manages 0 maintenance facilities; operates 51 fare collection facilities including interchanges on a ticket collection system; five mainline toll plazas and seven ramp barrier plazas; and oversees the operation of service plazas and two traveler information centers. For more information on the Pennsylvania Turnpike, see http//www.paturnpike.com.

About PNC Bank Corp.

PNC Bank Corp., headquartered in Pittsburgh, is one of the largest diversified financial services organizations in the United States. Its major businesses include Regional Community Banking, Corporate Banking, Private Banking, Mortgage Banking, Secured Finance, Asset Management and Mutual Fund Servicing. Visit PNC Bank on the World Wide Web at http//www.pncbank.com.

 

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To be or not to be

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on to be or not to be. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality to be or not to be paper right on time.

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Earlier this year, the Merrill Lynch Forum spoke with Dr. Francis Fukuyama about globalization. The conversation focused on how culture shapes, and is shaped by, the increasing worldwide economic integration. In his comments, Fukuyama challenges the view that globalization is leading to cultural homogeneity, arguing that societies largely maintain their individual characteristic despite economic pressures. In fact, Fukuyama asserts that these cultural values in many respects define how business is conducted within a nation.

This does not mean that society is not influenced or altered by the process of globalization -- Fukuyama does believe there is a convergence of political and economic ideologies. Rather, he suggests that there are deeper elements of culture not easily abandoned.

Q) To what extent has globalization been realized?

I think that in many respects, globalization is still superficial. Although there is a great deal of talk about it currently, the underlying truth is that the global economy is still limited. It seems to me that the real layer of globalization is restricted to the capital markets. In most other areas, institutions remain intensely local.

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Trade, for example, is still predominantly regional. Relatively little trade flows beyond local regions Asians trade mostly with Asians and Latin Americans trade mostly with Latin Americans. Even in more developed regions this practice holds true. Intra-European trade accounts for roughly 60% of all European trade.

This regional limitation is true elsewhere. Most companies are predominantly national, and certainly governments remain very national. Consumer markets are not only national, but they are segmenting even further within regions as consumer education improves and consumers are able to demand products that precisely meet their needs.

Q) Are there aspects of globalization that lead to greater homogenization?

I think that homogenization and an affirmation of distinctive cultural identities will occur simultaneously. In terms of large economic and political institutions, cultures are becoming more homogeneous. There arent as many alternatives and regime types. It isnt possible to have a kind of Peronista economic nationalism, or a certain kind of socialism. It turns out that, given the nature of the global economy, there are only so many ways that a political or economic system can be organized to make it viable and competitive. To be an advanced society, a country has to be a democracy, and it has to be connected to the global marketplace. In that respect, there is a greater homogenization of institutions and ideologies. On a cultural level, its not clear that homogenization is proceeding nearly as rapidly. To a certain extent, there is a real resistance to cultural homogenization.

Q) Do you believe that homogenization will ever occur on a deeper level?

It could be that culture will ultimately become homogenized, just like political institutions, but I believe that its going to be a much slower process. Many people think that because we have advanced communications technology, and are able to project global television culture worldwide, this will lead to homogenization on a deeper cultural level. I think that, in a way, its done just the opposite.

For example, there is probably less mutual liking, more distrust and greater emphasis on the difference between the cultures of the United States and Asia today than there was 40 years ago. In the 150s and 60s, Asia looked up to the United States as a model of modernization. Now, Asians look at American urban decay and the decline of the family and they feel that America is not a very attractive model. Communications technology has allowed both Asians and Americans to see each other more clearly, and it turns out they have very different value systems.

Q) Can global corporations have a homogenizing effect on culture?

I think that there is a global consumer culture that is spread by companies like McDonalds and Coca-Cola. However, if you look beneath the surface and ask people in different countries where their loyalties lie, how they regard their families, and how they regard authority, there will be enormous differences. When people examine a culture, they pay too much attention to aspects like the kinds of consumer goods that people buy. Thats the most superficial aspect of culture. A culture really consists of deeper moral norms that affect how people link together.

In my second book, Trust The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity, one of the central theses argues that these deeper qualities, the so-called moral norms, define economic activity. For instance, Chinese culture is family-centric limiting business transactions to extended family. This fact has many consequences. It means that Chinese businesses tend not to be very large, probably because they are unwilling to bring in managers from outside the family. It means that its very difficult to establish brand names because large marketing organizations are not used. It also means it is very difficult to build lasting institutions that endure for more than two or three generations. In the China example it is culture that drives economics.

Q) What constitutes these deeper cultural Identities?

Obviously language, religion, and race are all important components of a local identity. My particular interest is in what I call networks of trust. These networks vary in different parts of the world. I think that to really understand how to operate in any region of the world, you really need to understand the networks of trust in that area. Once a trust relationship is established, a business relationship can follow.

For example, in many Latin American countries, many of the largest companies are almost always controlled by a group of families. This is also true in other countries, such as China and Turkey. Obviously, business opportunities in such countries very much depend on an understanding of the way that these social networks are wired together. The only people with a full understanding of how these networks work are the locals themselves. Thats why outsiders sometimes find it difficult to conduct business in countries where the expected degree of transparency and ability to form business relations without preexisting social relationships are lacking.

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The Alchemist

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People in your life can assist you and guide you in many ways. They help you discover things that you have never seen or heard of before. These people are very precious to your life. They love you and care for you. In the novel, The Alchemist, by Paulo Coelho, Santiago is on a quest to discover his Personal Legend and also to find a treasure at the Egyptian Pyramids. While getting closer to his destination, he learns many new things. He learns to read and understand the omens and also to create wind. Many characters help him on his way to pursuing his Personal Legend and treasure. The characters the King of Salem, Fatima, and the Alchemist are the people who help Santiago on his quest.

The King of Salem is one of the characters who help Santiago on his journey. After Santiago leaves the old woman Santiago, "[is] disappointed; he [decides] that he [is] never again going to believe in dreams." (Coelho 17) This is important because Santiago doesn't want to believe in his dreams. This shows that he wants to give up and not continue to find his treasure and his Personal Legend. This all changes when he meets the King of Salem. "The old man related that, the week before, he had been forced to appear before a miner, and had taken the form of a stone." (Coelho 5) This quote is relevant because the story that the King of Salem tells Santiago helps him to get over the idea of giving up. The King of Salem also has another impact on Santiago's journey. The King of Salem tells him, "'It's in Egypt, near the Pyramids.'" (Coelho 1) This shows that the King helped Santiago by telling him where the treasure is. Now that Santiago knows where the treasure is, he knows where to go to make it to his destination faster and easier. Before Santiago finally leaves the King of Salem he says,

"'Take these,' said the old man, holding out a white stone that had been embedded at the centre of the breastplate. 'They are called Urim and Thummim. The black signifies 'yes' and the white 'no'. When you are unable to read the omens, they help you to do so. Always ask an objective question.'" (Coelho 1-)

This is important because the King of Salem is willing to help Santiago by giving him to read the omens so that he knows what they are trying to tell him. As you can see, the King of Salem really did help Santiago on his quest.

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Fatima was also another character who helped Santiago to complete his quest. One way in which she helps him is by encouraging him to complete his journey and find his treasure. When Santiago tells him,

"'That's why I want you to continue toward your goal. If you have to wait until the war is over, then wait. But if you have to go before then, go in pursuit of your dream. The dunes are changed by the wind, but the desert never changes. That's the way it will be with our love for each other.'" (Coelho 8-)

This quote is significant because if Fatima had not encouraged him to go, he probably would have stayed thinking that she was his treasure and Personal Legend. Also, Fatima teaches him about love. She tells him, "'If I am really part of your dream, you'll come back one day.'" (Coelho ) She also tells him,

"I'm a desert woman, and I'm proud of that. I want my husband to wander as free as the wind that shapes the dunes. And, if I have to, I will accept the fact that he has become a part of the clouds, and the animals, and the water of the desert." (Coelho )

These quotes show that Fatima cares deeply about Santiago and wants what is best for him. Once Santiago tells Fatima that he is leaving, she supports his decision. Fatima tells him that, "'My father went away one day, but he returned to my mother, and he has always come back since then.'" (Coelho 14) This quote is significant because it shows that Fatima supports his decision. If she had not supported it then Santiago might have stayed and not completed his Personal Legend and find his treasure. Obviously, you can tell that Fatima influenced Santiago to complete his journey.

Lastly, the Alchemist was another character who helped Santiago on his journey. The Alchemist helps Santiago by giving him advice during the time that he is with him. One night, Santiago and the Alchemist were about to leave, the Alchemist tells Santiago, "'Tomorrow, sell your camel and buy a horse. Camels are traitorous; they walk thousands of paces and never seem to tire. Then suddenly, they kneel and die. But horses tire bit by bit.'" (Coelho 117) This quote is significant because it shows that the Alchemist helps Santiago by giving him advice by telling him to get a horse and to sell his camel. This would help Santiago because the horse would be faster so that he would get to the Pyramids faster. The Alchemist also taught Santiago mysterious and unusual things. "The monk and [Santiago] looked at it, dazzled. The lead had dried into the shape of the pan, but it was no longer lead. It was gold." (Coelho 156) This is important because Santiago got to see how people can change lead in to gold. He also learnt that people can do anything if they try. Santiago got to see how to do exotic and weird things. Event though the Alchemist did not show him how to do it. The Alchemist also helps Santiago in another way. He guides him across the desert. When Santiago finally realizes that he would have to leave Fatima to be on his quest, the Alchemist tells Santiago, "'I'm going to guide you across the desert.'" (Coelho 10) This is important because this is where the Alchemist tells Santiago that he is going to guide him to his treasure. This quote proves that the Alchemist really is going to help Santiago. For the reasons above, the Alchemist was a character who inspired Santiago to finish his quest and Personal Legend.

In the book, The Alchemist, the characters who guide and encourage Santiago are the King of Salem, Fatima, and the Alchemist. These characters help Santiago in many different ways by giving him clues and encouraging him to keep going on his quest. In one's life, people can help you as well. We can depend on those people to guide us because they care and love for us. These people help us to succeed in our life. We should always keep these people in our lives because they are precious and valuable. They help us find our way when we are in trouble.

Works Cited

Coelho,Paulo. The Alchemist. New YorkHarper Collins,18.

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Analysis of water treatment problemAssignment

If you order your cheap term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Analysis of water treatment problemAssignment. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Analysis of water treatment problemAssignment paper right on time.

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Initial problem

When the river has an Suspendable Solids (SS) of 5mg/l and alkalinity of 1.5mg/l (expressed as CaCO), 0mg/l of alum was added during the treatment process to make sure that the water passed water standards for the World Health Organisation WHO).

But subsequently the amount of SS was found to have increased to 50mg/l. Logically, when this happens, by doubling the amount of alum added initially, we would be able to generate enough precipitate to filter off the 50mg/l of SS such that the amount of SS left in the solution would be able to pass WHO drinking water standards. This did not happen thus this report is to look into the probable reasons to why the move did not work and the possible solutions to the problem.

Allowable Limits According to the standards of Drinking water from World Health Organization (WHO), the acceptable range of alum dosage is from 5 50mg/l

School papers on Analysis of water treatment problemAssignment

Thus, the 60mg/l of Alum added by the Plant manager has exceeded the acceptable limit.

Analysis

There may be various reasons to why the initial process did not work.

Physical reasons

(Note that we are adding in double the dosage thus the reactors/tanks might not be equipped or designed to take that kind of load)

•The process of mixing alum might not be thorough enough thus the Al(OH) was not precipitated properly

•Not enough time was allowed for precipitation to take place

•The coagulant did not have enough time for it to be saturated with the SS before the coagulant was filtered off.

•As the rate of chemical reaction decreases with decreasing temperature, assume that the temperature near the Hu river does not enhance the rate of reaction thus accounting for the decrease in precipitate formation

Chemical reasons

•There might not be enough alkalinity in the water thus the alum would not be able to precipitate to remove the SS.

•For the water pH between 5 to 8 which we assume to be the optimal pH for which Al(OH) would be precipitated best. When the pH is out of this range the Al(OH) become more soluble(due to the solubility constant) thus less precipitate would be produced and less SS will be removed.

Calculations

Main Equation

 

= = 0.7

0.7mg/l of alkalinity is needed mg/l of Alum.

Thus for an alum dosage of 0mg/l the alkalinity expressed as mg/l HCO- = (1/16) x 0.7 x 0 = 16.5mg/l

Thus when 50mg/l of Alum is added,

Amount of HCO- needed = 16.5x50/0

= 7.5mg/l

Total amount of CaCO to react with 50mdg/l of Alum= (16/1)x7.5 = 6.5mg/l

There is a deficiency of alkalinity thus explaining why the alum will not react to precipitate thus not removing the level SS to meet WHO standards.

Possible Solutions

1)Add in the extra alkalinity need for 50mg/l of alum to react then remove the hardness and acidity generated

)Add in lime to remove the extra SS needed to attain WHO standards (more popular method as it is less expensive but increases the hardness)

)Add in Soda Ash to remove the extra SS needed to attain WHO standards (does not increase hardness but increases the acidity of the water)

Solution

Prior to the addition of alum, add in excess CaCO into the water to allow the alum to react fully when added.

 

Total HCO needed to react 60mg/l of alum = 7.5mg/l

Total HCO in the water = 1/100 X 1.5 = 16.47

Note the fact that alum when reacted with Ca(HCO) produces CO gas which becomes HCO- which in turn reacts with the alum.

CO +…HO. HCO- + H+

Initially the HCO- is the limiting agent thus

Amount of CO produced with 1.5m/l of alkalinity in water = (6x44)/(x16)x1.5 = 7.

Amount of alum reacted with 1.5 of alkalinity

= 1.5/0.7 = 18.4 mg/l

Remaining

Alum = 50-18.4 = 1.51mg/l

HCO- generated = (61/44) x 7. = 10.16mg/l

HCO- needed= 7.5-16.47-10.16 =0.87mg/l

In this case as the reactions are reversible, it would be more complicated to add in the solubility constant for the calculations. Thus we estimate that the amount of HCO- needed would be twice to thrice of that needed to fully react with the alum.

Thus HCO- needed = x0.87 = .61mg/l

Amount of CaCO needed to e added in

= (100/1)x.61 = .14mg/l

In the case of hardness, total Ca in the water

= (40/100)x(1.5+.14) = 15.64mg/l.

Conclusion

What is presented is the possible solution to the problems of Hu river. There are other ways of treating the water such as adding in lime or soda ash but in this case alum was used. The important reason to using alum is because it does not increase the hardness of the water and they remove pathogens and particles better than other coagulants. They decrease the alkalinity with the acidic CO gas they produce. Thus they must be added in specific amounts so as to maintain the pH needed to fulfill WHO standards.

 

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